Приемы работы с текстами по обучению различным видам чтения

2.1 Приемы работы с текстами по обучению различным видам чтения

ОЗНАКОМИТЕЛЬНОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

Предтекстовый этап

·  прочитайте опорные слова и словосочетания текста и назовите его тему;

·  выпишите ключевые слова и словосочетания, составляющие тематическую основу текста;

·  составьте цепочку из основных фактов текста, в которой ключевые слова были бы связаны по смыслу;

·  назовите предложение, которое служит для связи смысловых частей текста;

·  прочтите абзац и постарайтесь понять его без словаря;

·  разделите текст на вводную часть (зачин), информационную (основную) часть и заключительную (концовку);

·  попробуйте определить тему текста по иллюстрации (чертежу);

·  скажите, о чем, судя по заглавию (рисункам, графикам и концовке), может идти речь в данном тексте; прочтите текст, найдите подтверждение или опровержение вашему предложению[12,120].

Текстовый этап

·  прочтите первый абзац текста и найдите в нем предложение, содержащее основную информацию;

·  назовите основные проблемы, затронутые в тексте;

·  найдите главные факты текста;

·  расположите следующие предложения текста в логической последовательности;

·  составьте список вопросов к тексту;

·  подготовьте план пересказа текста;

·  подтвердите достоверность суждений о …;

·  поясните главную мысль текста своими словами[12,121].

Послетекстовый этап

·  прочтите текст и выразите свое согласие (несогласие) с приведенными ниже утверждениями;

·  ответьте на вопросы по тексту;

·  перескажите текст на родном языке;

·  выразите свое отношение к прочитанному;

·  скажите, при изучении каких предметов вам может понадобиться информация, содержащаяся в тексте[12,128].

ПОИСКОВОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

Предтекстовый этап

·  установите, есть ли часть, в которой перечисляются основные темы статьи;

·  найдите в конце вводного раздела статьи перечень вопросов, освещаемых в ней;

Текстовый этап

·  просмотрите текст и скажите, для какой категории читателей он может представлять интерес и почему;

·  скажите, какому из указанных вопросов уделяется в статье особое внимание;

·  отметьте в тексте места, дающие ответы на предложенные вопросы;

Послетекстовый этап

·  зачитайте из текста факты, которые относятся к теме…;

·  подчеркните в тексте определение (вывод, термин).

·  При обнаружении искомой информации цель поискового чтения достигнута[12,131].

ИЗУЧАЮЩЕЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

Предтекстовый этап

·  Выполните частичный перевод предложений на родной язык.

·  Найдите существительное (прилагательное, глагол) в каждой группе слов.

·  Назовите слово, с которым ассоциируются все слова данного тематического ряда;

·  Найдите в тексте и выпишите существительные, образованные от глагола (прилагательного).

·  Выберите предложения, содержащие пассивный залог (сложное дополнение и т.д.), объясните по каким признакам вы установили грамматическую форму.

·  Назовите исходную форму данных слов [12,135].

Текстовый этап

·  прочтите текст и перечислите вопросы, освещаемые в нем;

·  прочтите текст и расположите пункты плана согласно логике повествования;

·  прочтите вслух все глаголы, передающие динамику повествования;

·  выберите из данного абзаца прилагательные и наречия, которые служат для описания…;

·  прочтите текст и передайте его основную идею несколькими предложениями.

Послетекстовый этап

·  используя материал текста, ответьте на вопросы;

·  расположите предложения в той последовательности, в которой они даны в тексте;

·  используя факты из текста, расскажите о …;

·  перескажите текст, используя план и выписанные словосочетания;

·  охарактеризуйте персонажей (время действия) своими словами;

·  выразите свое отношение к прочитанному;

·  прочтите про себя текст и выделите то новое, что вы узнали из него;

·  составьте аннотацию к тексту [12,142].

ПРОСМОТРОВОЕ ЧТЕНИЕ

Предтекстовый этап

·  Прочтите заглавие и скажите, о чём пойдёт речь в тексте.

·  По какому слову в заглавии Вы определили, что это информация о …?

·  Прочтите заглавия текстов и предположите, о каких фактах может идти в них речь.

Текстовый этап

·  Определите, какая проблема обсуждается в тексте.

·  Распределите заглавия по указанным темам.

·  Назовите вопросы, которые рассматриваются в статьях данного номера газеты [12,153].

Послетекстовый этап

·  Какие вопросы рассматриваются в тексте?

·  Подтвердите точку зрения, изложенную в тексте, приведя собственный пример.

·  Где и как Вы можете использовать информацию из текста?

2.2 Фрагменты уроков по обучению различным видам чтения

Ознакомительное чтение

Фрагмент урока №1.

.Учебник Биболетова М.З. «Enjoy English», 5 класс.

Тема: « Great Britain»

Цель: формирование навыков ознакомительного чтения.

Pre – reading activities.

·  Read the text and find out the words which mean…

·  Try to understand the underlined words. Check in the dictionary.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (or the UK) is made up of English, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel separate Great Britain from the continent. It is washed on the west coast by the Atlantic Ocean and by the Irish Sea. The mountains in Great Britain are not very high. The main rivers are the Thames, the Mersey, the Severn and others, but none of them are very long.

Britain is a highly develop industrial country. One of the leading industries in Great Britain is the textile industry.

There are many big industrial cities in Britain, such as Birmingham and Sheffield (with big iron and steel works), Manchester, Liverpool and others. London, the capital city of the UK, is one of the biggest commercial centers and ports of the world. The official language of the country is English, but now it becomes multinational state.

Reading activities:

·  Find the main facts in the text.

·  Put the sentences into order.

1.The main rivers are the Thames, the Mersey, the Severn and others, but none of them are very long. 2. One of the leading industries in Great Britain is the textile industry. 3. The North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel separate Great Britain from the continent. 4. The official language of the country is English, but now it becomes multinational state. 5. It is washed on the west coast by the Atlantic Ocean and by the Irish Sea. The mountains in Great Britain are not very high.

Post – reading activities:

·  Answer the questions.

·  Does Great Britain a continent or an island?

·  2. There are a lot of very long rivers in Great Britain, aren't there?

·  3. Is Britain a highly developed industrial country?

·  Retell the text.

Фрагмент урока № 2.

Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English – 6», 6 класс.

Тема: « What do you know about Ireland? »

Цель: формирование навыков ознакомительного чтения.

Pre – reading activities:

·  выпишите ключевые слова и словосочетания, составляющие тематическую основу текста.

Ireland is an island to the west of Europe. It is a little smaller than Portugal and a little bigger than Sri Lanka. It is- washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, and the Irish sea in the west.

The island is divided in two parts. The larger part, the Republic of Ireland, is in the south, with the population about 3.5 million people. Its capital is Dublin. The smaller part, Northern Ireland, belongs to the United Kingdom, and its big city is Belfast. There are about 1.6 million people in the North Ireland.

Ireland is a small country, but a lot of people in the world know about it.

Ireland has never been a very rich country. It is not rich in money, but it is very rich in other things — in music, in poetry, in song.

Ireland is a beautiful country, with fine lakes, tall mountains and attractive beaches. It has several rivers. One, the Liffey, flows into the sea on the east coast. The other, the Shannon, flows into the sea on the west coast. It is a very green country. Because it is so green, people call it the "Emerald Isle".

Reading activities:

·  Make a plan of retelling the text.

Post – reading activities:

·  Answer the questions.

l.What is the geographical position of the Republic of Ireland?

2.What are the two parts of the is Isle"?

3.What are the biggest rivers in the Republic of Ireland?

4. What is the capital of the republiс?

5. Why do the people call Ireland “the Emerald isle”?

6. What is the population of Ireland?

7. What is Ireland rich in?

·  Find the English equivalents in the text.

На запад от Европы; меньше, чем Португалия, но больше, чем Шри-Ланка; богата музыкой, поэзией, песнями; впадать в море; прекрасные озера; Изумрудный остров.

Фрагмент урока №3.

Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -9», 9 класс.

Тема «What will you be?»

Цель: формирование навыков ознакомительного чтения.

Pre – reading activities.

·  Try to understand the underlined words. Check in the dictionary.

Scientists have developed a device able to measure the weight of a single cell, and they intend to weigh a virus next. Made at Cornell University, it is a small cantilever whose vibration depends upon tiny masses placed on it. The mass of a single cell of the E coli bacterium, they say in the Journal of Applied Physics, is 665 femtograms. A femtogram is one thousand of pictogram which is one thousandth of a monograms, which is a billionth of a gram.

Reading activities

·  Поясните главную мысль текста своими словами.

Post – reading activities.

·  Read the text, answer the following questions:

1) What device have the scientists developed? What is it called?

2) How does the device work?

3) What units do the scientists use for the measurement of very small things?

4) What do they intend to detect?

5) What new measurement unit did the scientists have to invent to describe the world of the very small?

6) Where could the new device be used?

Фрагмент урока № 4.

Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -9», 9 класс.

Тема: «William Shakespeare»

Цель: формирование навыков ознакомительного чтения.

Pre – reading activities:

·  разделите текст на вводную часть (зачин), информационную (основную) часть и заключительную (концовку);

William Shakespeare

(1564-1616)

William Shakespeare was one of the greatest and famous writers. He was born in 1564 in Stratford-on-Avon. It was a small English town. His father wanted his son to be an educated person and William was sent to the local grammar school. When the boy studied at school he had no free time. When he had a rest William liked to go to the forest and to the River Avon.

At that time actors and actresses visited Stratford-on-Avon. William liked to watch them. He was fond of their profession and he decided to become an actor.

He went to London. There he became an actor. He began to write plays too. Shakespeare was both an actor and a playwright. In his works Shakespeare described important and dramatic events of life. His plays were staged in many theatres, translated into many languages and they made Shakespeare a very popular man.

The most famous plays of the writer are "Othello", "King Lear", "Hamlet", "Romeo and Juliet".

He produced thirty seven plays. He was connected with the best theatres of England during twenty five years.

William Shakespeare wrote a lot of poetry. His poems have been published in many languages. They are well known among people. We don't know a lot of facts of Shakespeare's life. We can only guess what kind of man he was, that's why there are many legends about his life.

William Shakespeare died in 1616. But his plays are popular now and millions of people admire them.

Reading activities:

·  прочтите первый абзац текста и найдите в нем предложение, содержащее основную информацию.

·  найдите главные факты текста.

Post – reading activities:

·  Answer the questions.

l. Was Shakespeare one of the greatest and famous writers?

2. Where was he born?

3. Where did William study?

4. What did he like to do, when he was a little boy?

5. What was William Shakespeare?

6. What plays by William Shakespeare do you know?

7. Why are his plays known among people?

8. How many plays did he produce?

9. Are there any interesting facts about the poet's life?

10. Have you read anything by William Shakespeare?

·  Выразите свое отношение к прочитанному.

Изучающее чтение

Фрагмент урока № 5.

Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -6», 6 класс.

Тема: «British Lunch»

Цель: формирование навыков изучающего чтения.

Pre – reading activities.

·  Прочитайте текст, обращая внимание на ударение в словах и интонацию.

The second meal of the day is lunch. People usually have it at work. As a rule, lunch is a light meal. Dinner is the biggest meal of the day. Some people have dinner in office, others have it at home when then come from work. On week days it is difficult to gather the whole family for dinner, because people finish work at different times. But on Sunday dinner usually begins with an appetizer: a little salad, a piece offish, tomatoes or cucumbers. The main course of the dinner is soup. For the second English have roast meat with fried potatoes or sometimes macaroni or spaghetti. For the dessert they drink a glass of mineral water or juice. Supper is the last meal of the day. Supper must be a light meal. It is a long-standing tradition.

to gather - собирать

an appetizer [ ] - что-л., возбуждающее аппетит

spaghetti [ ] - спагетти

long-standing - давнишний

Reading activities:

·  выберите из перечисленных ниже вариантов заглавия к тексту тот, который лучше всего соответствует его содержанию:

Macaroni

British lunch

Meal

Sunday dinner

·  придумайте заглавие к каждому из абзацев текста.

Post-reading activities:

·  определите, правильны или нет следующие высказывания, поставьте соответственно + или -:

в воскресенье люди редко ужинают вместе.

на десерт они пьют стакан минеральной воды или сока.

Обед - это самая легкая еда дня.

Второй прием пищи - это ланч.

Это давно устоявшаяся традиция.

Фрагмент урока № 6.

Учебник Биболетова М.З. «Enjoy English», 8 класс.

Тема: «Famous British people»

Цель: формирование навыков изучающего чтения.

Pre – reading activities.

·  Read the text and find out the words which mean…

a)  poorest suburbs;

b)  blacking factory;

c)  lawyer's office;

d)  best newspaper reporters;

e)  reading public;

 «Charles Dickens»

(1812-1870)

Charles Dickens was a famous English writer. He was born on the 7th of February, 1812. He was born in a poor family.

When Charles was a small boy his family settled at one of the poorest suburbs of London. When Charles Dickens was ten years old his father was put in prison, because he had debts, the boy had to work. He began to work in a blacking factory. Later he described this period of his life in his novel "David Copperfield". When Charles was 12 years old he began to go to school again. At the age of 15 Charles Dickens began to work in a London lawyer's office. He did not like this work.

When he was 25 years old he became one of the famous and best newspaper reporters in London. He liked his work. He knew the life of London and he wrote about it in his articles. "The Pickwick Papers" was his first great work. He published them in April, 1836. "Oliver Twist" was published 2 years later. This novel was a great success among the reading public.

Charles Dickens travelled a lot. He visited America in 1842. He wrote "American Notes" after visiting that country. In the last years of his life Dickens began to meet with the readers and gave public reading from his own works. These meetings were very successful. He could not finish his last novel "Edwin Drood", He died suddenly. It was in the summer in 1870.

Words

poor — бедный

lawyer — юрист, адвокат

blacking — вакса

debt — долг

Reading activities:

·  Read the text and divide it into parts. Give each a title.

·  Find the key words in the sentences.

Post – reading activities:

·  Put the sentences into order.

  1.  When Charles was 12 years old he began to go to school again.

  2.  When Charles was a small boy his family settled at one of the poorest suburbs of London.

  3.  He could not finish his last novel "Edwin Drood".

  4.  When he was 25 years old he became one of the famous and best newspaper reporters in London.

  5.  At the age of 15 Charles Dickens began to work in a London lawyer's office.

  6.  It was in the summer in 1870.

  7.  Later he described this period of his life in his novel "David Copperfield".

Фрагмент урока № 7.

Учебник Биболетова М.З. «Enjoy English», 7 класс.

Тема: «Do you like to go to the theatre?»

Цель: формирование навыков изучающего чтения.

Pre – reading activities.

·  Найдите существительное (прилагательное, глагол) в каждой группе слов.

Theatre is a place where you can see a play staged. It is also one of entertainments.

A theatre consists of two parts: the stage and the hall. They are separated by a curtain and the orchestra. Actors and actresses perform on the stage and public occupies the hall, the pit, the dress-circles, the boxes and the gallery. If we made up our mind to go to the theatre we should go to the box-office to buy tickets. Seats can be reserved beforehand. The last performance I saw was the "Nut Cracker" by

Tchaikovsky. How great it was! The main parts were performed by Vadim Pisarev and Inna Dorofeeva. Everyone knows that they are very talented dancers. But I also was impressed by a very young ballet-dancer who was performing the part of

Masha girl. I think she deserves respect of the audience because she did her best and looked great for her young age. I had a great time that night. But we are to admit that theatre is not popular now as it used to be. There are many people who prefer to seat comfortably before the TV and enjoy themselves without leaving

their homes.

Reading activities:

·  прочтите текст и передайте его основную идею несколькими предложениями.

Post – reading activities:

·  используя материал текста, ответьте на вопросы;

1) What are the parts of a theatre ?

2) Where can people buy their tickets?

3) Where was the "Nut Cracker" performed?

4) Are theatres as popular now as they used to be?

5) Why don't people go to the theatre often?

Фрагмент урока №8.

Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -8», 8 класс.

Тема «Famous people»

Цель: формирование навыков изучающего чтения.

Pre – reading activities.

•  Read the title of the text, tell what is this text about.

Alexander Bell

Alexander Bell was born on March, 3 1847 in Edinburgh. His genius was inherited from his father, who was a famous teacher of elocution, and an expert on phonetics. Even as a boy his mind was inventive but in 1870 Bell's health began to fail and there were fears of consumption. So with his father he left his native country and went to Canada. Two years later he was in Boston, where he set up a school for training teachers of the deaf and he also gave instructions in the mechanics of speech. Here he started experimenting on a machine which he believed would make the deaf "hear". He had been doing this for some time when he accidentally came across the clue for the correct principles of telephony.

Reading activities

•  Make up questions to the text.

Post – reading activities.

•  Tell teacher your own opinion about Alexander Bell’s work.

Поисковое чтение

Фрагмент урока № 9.

Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -9», 9 класс.

Тема «Famous British people»

Цель: формирование навыков поискового чтения.

Pre – reading activities.

•  установите, есть ли часть, в которой перечисляются основные темы статьи.

Robert Burns, a well known and popular Scottish poet, was born in 1759.

Burns was born in a poor family of a farmer. There were seven children in it. Robert was the eldest. His father, William Burns, was a farmer and Robert had to help his father. His father loved and understood people and Robert learned from his father to love people. His mother had a very good voice and she often sang songs. She knew many folk-tales and told them to her children. At the age of six Robert Burns went to school, because his father wanted him to be an educated boy. Robert Burns read a lot. He was fond of reading. His favorite writer was Shakespeare. At the age of 15 he began to write poems. He wrote about people, about everyday things. The heroes of his poems were the heroes of his mother's stories.

In 1777 the Burns moved to another town. Robert wrote poetry and organized a society of young people, where all kinds of moral, social and political problems were discussed.

In 1784 his father died and Robert had to work on a small farm, but his farm brought him disappointment and misery. In 1791 he had to sell the farm. He became an officer.

He died in poverty at the age of thirty-seven in 1796. His poems are known and loved by people all over the world because Robert Burns glorified a human being.

Reading activities

•  Заполни таблицу

For example: Robert Burns was born in 1759.

1759	1777	1784	1791	1796

Post – reading activities.

•  Fill in the words

- Robert Burns, a well known and popular Scottish poet, was … in 1759

- His father loved and … people and Robert learned from his father to love people.

- In 1784 his father … and Robert had to … on a small farm

- In 1777 the Burns moved to another ….

- He … in poverty at the age of thirty-seven in 1796.

Фрагмент урока № 10.

Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -8», 8 класс.

Тема: «Olympic games»

Цель: формирование навыков поискового чтения.

Pre – reading activities:

·  найдите в тексте перечень вопросов, освещаемых в нем.

Olympic Games

The world's greatest international sports games are known as the Olympic Games.

The Olympic idea means friendship, fraternity and cooperation among the people of the world. The Olympic Movement proves that real peace can be achieved through sport. The Olympic emblem is five interlinked rings: blue, yellow, black, green and red. Any national flag contains at least one of these colours.

The original Olympic Games began in ancient Greece in 776 B.C. These games were part of a festival held every fourth year in honor of God Zeus at the place called Olympia. It was a great athletic festival, including competitions in

wrestling, foot racing and chariot racing, rowing and others. The games were for men only. Greek women were forbidden not only to participate but also to watch the Olympics. The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens in

1896. Then they were resumed in London after the Second World War. Since then the Olympics are held every fourth year in different countries. The ancient Greeks had no winter sports. Only in 1924 the first Winter Olympic Games were held in France, Now they are being held regularly.

Reading activities:

·  отметьте в тексте места, дающие ответы на предложенные вопросы.

Questions:

1. What are the world's greatest sports games?

2. What does the Olympic idea mean?

3. What is the Olympic emblem?

4. Why have these colours been chosen?

5. When and where did the original Olympic Games begin?

6. Did women participate in the games?

7. When were the first modern Olympic Games held? Where?

8. Are the Olympics held in the same place?

9. When did the Winter Olympic Games start being held?

Post – reading activities:

·  Find the English equivalents in the text.

Мир, братство, содержать, древний,до нашей эры, Зевс, участвовать, возобновлять.

Фрагмент урока № 11.

Учебник Биболетова М.З. «Enjoy English», 8 класс.

Тема: «The British Media»

Цель: формирование навыков поискового чтения.

Pre – reading activities:

·  установите, есть ли часть, в которой перечисляются основные темы статьи.

The British Media

The British Media consists of the press and radio and TV broadcasting.

Now a couple of words about papers. First of all there is no subscription. You may buy any on sale. There are two main types of newspapers: the "popular" papers and the "quality" papers. The popular papers are less in size, with many pictures, big

headlines and short articles. They are easy to read. They are such papers as "Daily Express", "Daily mail", "Daily Mirror", "Daily Star", "The Sun" and others. The "quality" papers are for more serious readership. These papers are bigger in size, with larger articles and more detailed information. The "quality" papers are — "The Times", "Daily Telegraph", "The Guardian", "Financial Times", "The

Independent". In addition to daily papers we have just mentioned above

there are Sunday papers. They have a higher circulation than the dailies. Sunday papers in Great Britain are such "quality" papers as "Observer", "Sunday Times", "Sunday Telegraph" and such "popular" papers as: "News of the

World", "Sunday Express", "Sunday Mirror", "Mail on Sunday". As far as broadcasting and telecasting are concerned there are two radio and TV stations. The first one — well-known BBC — British Broadcasting Corporation, and the second — IBA — Independent Broadcasting Authorities. The newspapers in Britain are proud of the fact that they are different from each other — each tries to have a definite profile.

Reading activities:

·  просмотрите текст и скажите, для какой категории читателей он может представлять интерес и почему;

Post – reading activities:

·  прочитайте из текста факты, которые относятся к теме.

Фрагмент урока № 12.

Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -7», 7 класс.

Тема: «What do you know about the USA?»

Цель: формирование навыков поискового чтения.

Pre – reading activities:

·  разделите текст на абзацы.

After 350 years of development the United States of America still holds the leading position in the western world. The USA is the most powerful and highly developed country of the world. The United States of America lies in the central part of North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean. Its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. The USA consists of three separate parts. They are the Hawaiian Islands, Alaska and the rest major part of the USA. There are fifty states and district of Columbia. The states differ very much in size, population and economical development. The population of the United States is about 250 million people. What makes the USA the leader of the western world is its economical, political and military dominance over other countries. The United States is a federal republic. The Government is divided into three branches: legislative (the US Congress), executive (the President and his Administration) and judicial (the US Supreme Court). There are two main political parties in the USA: the Democratic and the Republican. The flag of the USA is called "Stars and Stripes". The 50 stars — white on a blue field — represent the 50 states, 18 stripes represent 13 original English colonies, which in 1776 became independent of England. The capital of the United States is Washington. It was named in honor of the first president whose name was George Washington. The biggest cities of the USA are New York, San Francisco, IMS Angeles, Chicago and other.

Reading activities:

·  отметьте в тексте места, дающие ответы на предложенные вопросы.

1. Where is the US situated?

2. What are the major political parties?

3. Who is the US president now?

4. How many States are there in the country?

5. What is the US population?

6. What is the political structure in the country?

7. What is the capital of the USA?

8. What is the name of the American flag?

Post – reading activities:

·  Find the English equivalents in the text.

Развитие,держать, ведущий,могущественный, мощный, побережье, состоять, омываться,отдельный,преобладание, ветвь, отрасль, разделять,законодательный,исполнительный,судебный,представлять.

Просмотровое чтение

Фрагмент урока № 13.

Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -6», 6 класс

Тема: «Christmas Day»

Цель: формирование навыков просмотрового чтения.

Pre – reading activities.

1) Read the title of the text and answer the question «What is this text about?»

«Christmas Day»

Christmas Day, December 25th, is probably the most exciting day of the year for most English children. They know that they will get presents, just as they do on their birthdays, but on Christmas Day most of them will also see what their brothers and sisters have received. They also have the pleasure of giving presents, which is often as satisfying as receiving them.

Traditionally, English children hang a stocking at the end of the bed on Christmas Eve. In the morning they check, whether the stocking has been filled with small toys, fruit and sweets. Larger toys will be nearby.

The morning will be spent playing with the new toys, then comes lunch, often with the turkey or goose as the main dish. Afterwards there is Christmas pudding to be eaten. Usually a coin or two will have been hidden inside it, and part of the fun is to see who finds it.

Reading activities

2) Choose the regular and irregular verbs.

Post – reading activities.

3) Where and how can you use this information?

Фрагмент урока № 14.

Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -7», 7 класс.

Тема: «Education in Britain»

Цель: формирование навыков просмотрового чтения.

Pre – reading activities.

·  Прочтите заглавие и скажите, о чём пойдёт речь в тексте.

Education in Britain

In England and Wales compulsory school begins at the age of five, but before that age children can go to a nursery school, also called play school. School is compulsory till the children are 16 years old. In Primary School and First School children learn to read and write and the basis of arithmetic. In the higher classes of

Primary School (or in Middle School) children learn geography, history, religion and, in some schools, a foreign language. Then children go to the Secondary School. When students are 16 years old they may take an exam in various subjects in order to have a qualification. These qualifications can be either G.C.S.E. (General Certificate of Secondary Education) or "O level" (Ordinary level). After

that students can either leave school and start working or continue their studies in the same school as before. If they continue, when they are 18, they have to take further examinations which are necessary for getting into university or college.

Some parents choose private schools for their children. They are very expensive but considered to provide a better education and good job opportunities. In England there are 47 universities, including the Open University which teaches via TV and radio, about 400 colleges and institutes of higher education. The oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge. Generally, universities award two kinds of degrees: the Bachelor's degree and the Master's degree.

Reading activities:

·  Определите, какая проблема обсуждается в тексте.

Post – reading activities.

·  Answer the questions.

1. When does compulsory school begin?

2. How long does a child stay in compulsory school?

3. What subjects do children learn in Primary School?

4. What kind of exam do students have to take when they are 16?

5. Do students have to leave school at the age of 16 or to continue their studies?

6. How do private schools differ from the regular ones?

7. How many universities are there in England?

8. What is the Open University?

9. What kinds of degrees do universities award?

Фрагмент урока № 15.

Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -8», 8 класс.

Тема: «Places of Interest in Great Britain»

Цель: формирование навыков просмотрового чтения.

Pre – reading activities.

·  What do you know about The Tower of London?

The Tower of London is one of the most imposing and popular of London's historical sites. It comprises not one, but 20 towers. The oldest of which, the White Tower, dates back to the llth century and the time of William the Conqueror. Nowadays a lot of tourists visit the Tower of London, because of the Tower's evil reputation as a prison. The Tower is famous as home of the Crown Jewels. Today they can be viewed in their new jewel house. They include the Crown of Queen

Elizabeth the Queen Mother which contains the celebrated Indian diamond. Many stories associated with British history come from the Tower. In 1483 King Edward IV's two sons were murdered in the so-called Bloody Tower. Over two centuries later the skeletons of two little boys were found buried beneath steps

in the White Tower. Traitor's Gate has steps leading down to the River Thames.

Countless prisoners, including the future Queen Elizabeth I of England, were brought to the Tower by barge and ascended the steps before being imprisoned. For many it was their last moment of freedom before their death. But Elizabeth was released from the Tower and became Queen. The King's second wife, Anne Boleyn, was brought to trial there in 1536 and beheaded. Six years later her cousin, Catherine, Henry VIII's fifth wife, suffered the same fate. Sir Thomas More was beheaded there in 1535.

Reading activities:

·  Translate the following words combinations:

historical sites

William the Conqueror

new jewel house

ascended the steps

Countless prisoners

last moment of freedom

was beheaded

Post – reading activities.

·  Retell the text.

Фрагмент урока № 16.

Учебник Кузовлев В.П. «English -9», 9 класс.

Тема: «English Writers»

Цель: формирование навыков просмотрового чтения.

Pre – reading activities.

·  Прочтите заглавие и скажите, о чём пойдёт речь в тексте.

Arthur Burdon and Dr Porhoet

Arthur Burdon and Dr Porhoet walked in silence. Arthur has just arrived in Paris. He was a surgeon at St Luke's hospital, and had come to study the methods of the French doctors; but the real object of his visit to Paris was certainly to see Margaret Dauncey.

He looked upon himself as a happy man. He loved Margaret with all his heart and he was sure of her affection of him. It was impossible anything could disturb the pleasant life they had planned together.

"We're going to fix the date of our marriage now", Arthur remarked to Dr Porhoet. "I'm buying furniture already".

"I think only English people could behave as oddly as you in postponing your marriage without any reason for two years," replied the doctor.

"You see, Margaret was ten when I first saw her, and only seventeen when I asked her to marry me. She seemed hardly ready for marriage She was still growing. We loved each other and we had a long time before us. We could wait".

At that moment a man walked past them, a big stout fellow, dressed in a bright check suit. He gravely took off his hat and greeted Dr Porhoet The doctor smiled and returned the salutation.

"Who is your fat friend?" asked Arthur.

"He is an Englishman too. His name is Oliver Haddo."

"An artist?" asked Arthur in the scornful tone in which he spoke о those whose work was not so practical as his own.

"Not exactly. I met him some time ago by chance. When I was collecting the material for my little book on the old alchemists I read a great deal in the library of the 'Arsenal,' which as you may know is rich in work dealing with the occult sciences. One day I was studying some question on which it seemed impossible to find any authorities. The librarian could no help me, and I wanted to give up the search, when this person brought m the book I needed. I was very grateful to the stranger. We left together that afternoon, and our common studies gave a theme of conversation...'

Reading activities:

·  Try to understand the underlined words. Check in the dictionary.

Post – reading activities.

·  Прочитайте текст и выполните задание: обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую ответу, который вы считаете наиболее верным.

A. Arthur came to Paris to...

1....visit his relatives.

2...meet the girl he loved.

3...see his old friend.

4...go sightseeing.

B. Arthur and Margaret had known each other...

1...for a week.

2...for a year.

3...for a few months.

4....for many years.

C. Dr Porhoet has written a book...

1...on medicine.

2...on biology.

3...on art.

4...on an occult science.

D. Margaret and Arthur were going to...

1...marry soon.

2...divorce at once.

3...postpone the marriage.

4...visit England.

E. Oliver Haddo helped Dr Porhoet...

1...find the way to the library.

2...get information he needed.

3...cross the street.

4...buy a book.

Исходя из выше изложенного можно сделать вывод, что только использование различных видов чтения на уроках иностранного языка с разнообразными видами заданий, способно поднять каждого ученика еще на одну ступень к высотам мировой культуры. Однако при этом главным требованием текстов является воспитательная и познавательная ценность, их нравственный потенциал, а также научность содержания.

Заключение

Одним из общепринятых средств формирования личности в цивилизованном обществе является чтение в силу его большого интеллектуального и эмоционального воздействия на личность. «Телевидение, компьютеры -вторичные системы по отношению к книге, только она первичная основа образованности»[ 17,23].

Процесс чтения базируется на технической стороне, то есть на навыках, которые представляют собой автоматизированные зрительно - слуховые связи языковых явлений с их значением, на основе которых происходит узнавание и понимание письменных знаков и письменного текста в целом и, следовательно, реализация коммуникативного умения чтения. Чтение – одно из важнейших средств формирования личности, важнейшее условие формирования мыслительных способностей. С одной стороны, чтение является предметом обучения, а с другой, средством обучения. Чтение – один из главнейших языковых навыков, который учащиеся должны усвоить в процессе изучения иностранного языка.

К основным видам чтения относятся: ознакомительное, изучающее, просмотровое и поисковое чтение. Ознакомительное чтение представляет собой познающее чтение, при котором предметом внимания читающего становится все речевое произведение (книга, статья, рассказ) без установки на получение определенной информации. Изучающее чтение предусматривает максимально полное и точное понимание всей содержащейся в тексте информации и критическое ее осмысление. Поисковое чтение ориентировано на чтение газет и литературы. Его цель – быстрое нахождение в тексте вполне определенных данных (фактов, характеристик, цифровых показателей и т.д.). Просмотровое чтение предполагает получение общего представления о читаемом материале. Его целью является получение самого общего представления о теме и круге вопросов, рассматриваемых в тексте.

При работе с любым текстом можно выделить три основных этапы работы: дотекстовый, текстовый и послетекстовый этапы. На предтекстовом этапе проводится подготовка к чтению, т.е. снятие языковых трудностей, ознакомление с темой и социокультурными понятиями и реалиями, упоминаемыми в тексте. Текстовой этап включают в себя задания, которые учащиеся выполняют непосредственно во время чтения. Цель послетекстового этапа - интеграция чтения с продуктивными коммуникативными умениями, а именно говорением и письмом, т.е. учащиеся, применяют полученные в ходе чтения знания в различных речевых ситуациях.

Фрагменты уроков представленные во второй главе позволяют сделать вывод, что только использование различных видов чтения на уроках иностранного языка с разнообразными видами заданий, способно поднять каждого ученика еще на одну ступень к высотам мировой культуры. Однако при этом главным требованием текстов является воспитательная и познавательная ценность, их нравственный потенциал, а также научность содержания. Данные фрагменты могут быть использованы при организации уроков, семинаров-практикумов и консультаций. Таким образом, цель работы достигнута.

Список литературы

1.  Артемонов В.А. Психология обучения иностранным языкам. - М.: Просвещение, 2005.

2.  Бим И.Л. Подготовка учителя иностранного языка. – М.: Первое сентября, 2001.

3.  Верещагина И.Н. Методика обучения английскому языку на начальном этапе в общеобразовательных учреждениях. – М.: РАО, 2005. – С.174-181.

4.  Игумнова О.В. Урок чтения английского языка в 8 классе // Иностранные языки в школе. - 2006. - №2. - С.42-47.

5.  Иличкина Е.В. Взаимосвязанное обучение чтению и говорению // Иностранные языки в школе. – 2006. - №6. - С.48-52.

6.  Колесникова И.Л. Англо-русский терминологический справочник по методике преподавания иностранных языков – СПБ.: БЛИЦ, 2001. - С. 39-52.

7.  Колыхалова О.А. Билингвизм и гуманитарное образование // Педагог. – 2000. - №2.- С.10-12.

8.  Коряковцева Н.Ф. Современная методика организации самостоятельной работы изучающих иностранные языки. - М.: АРКТИ, 2002.

9.  Кузовлев В.П. Английский язык для 8 класса. – М.: Просвещение, 2003.

10.  Купарёва В.В. Использование метода денотативного анализа иноязычного текста при обучении чтению // Иностранные языки в школе. – 2003. - №2. - С.16 - 19.

11.  Проблемы и перспективы развития общего среднего образования / Под ред. Леднева В.С. – М.: РАО, 2003.

12.  Маслыко Е.А. Настольная книга преподавателя иностранного языка. – М.: Высшая школа, 2000.

13.  Миролюбов А.А. Теоретические основы методики обучения иностранному языку в средней школе. - М.: АРКТИ, 2005.

14.  Миролюбов А.А. Майкл Уэст и его методика обучения чтению // Иностранные языки в школе. - 2003. - №2. - С.22-26.

15.  Никитенко З.Н. Методика обучения технике чтения в УМК по английскому языку для начальной школы // Иностранные языки в школе. – 2007. - № 5. – С. 23-28.

16.  Новиков А.И. Лингвистические вопросы алгоритмической обработки сообщений. – М.: Наука, 2001. - С. 41-47.

17.  Нуждина М.А. К вопросу управления процессом порождения речевого произведения на основе текста // Иностранные языки в школе. - 2002. - №2.- С. 17-23

18.  Салтовская Г.М. Приёмы обучения различным видам чтения // Иностранные языки в школе. – 2005.- № 4.- С.10-16.

19.  Сафонова В.В. Проблемные задания на уроках английского языка в школе. - М.: Еврошкола, 2001.

20.  Селиванова Н.А Домашнее чтение – важный компонент содержания обучения иностранным языкам в средней школе // Иностранные языки в школе. - 2004. - №4. - С.1-26.

21.  Соловова Е.Н. Методика отбора и работы с текстами для чтения на старшем этапе обучения школьников // Иностранные языки в школе. – 2007.- № 2. - С.2 - 10.

22.  Тэн Э.Г. Организация контроля понимания читаемого на начальном этапе обучения // Иностранные языки в школе. – 2002.- №4.- С.31-35.

23.  Федорова Г.Н., Юрчишина Г.В. Приёмы обучения проблемно – поисковому чтению на иностранном языке // Иностранные языки в школе. - 2006. - №2.- С.28-32.

24.  Феклистов Г.Е. Проблемы изучения английского языка в школе. – М.: РАО, 2004.