2. Ðåçèñòîð Ñ1–4 (R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7).
ds=0.6
|∆|=0.13
d=0.6+0.13+0.1=0,83
Ñîãëàñíî ÃÎÑÒ 10317–79, d=0,9 ìì
Èñïîëüçóÿ ôîðìóëó ïîëó÷èì D=0,9+0.333=1.233
Òàêèì îáðàçîì, D=1.3 ìì.
Óñòàíîâèì äàííûé ðåçèñòîð âåðòèêàëüíî:
Óñòàíîâî÷íûé ðàçìåð âîçüìåì èç òàáëèöû 1; äëÿ d=5,5 ìì
=3,75 ìì.
3. Êîíäåíñàòîð Ê50–12 (Ñ1, Ñ2, Ñ3).
ds=0.9
|∆|=0.13
d=0.9+0.13+0.1=1,13
Ñîãëàñíî ÃÎÑÒ 10317–79, d=1,2 ìì
Èñïîëüçóÿ ôîðìóëó ïîëó÷èì D=1,2+0.383=1.583
Òàêèì îáðàçîì D=1.6 ìì
ly = L + 2l0 + 2R + d
ly =20+2•0,5+2•1+0,9=23,9
Ó÷èòûâàÿ òðåáîâàíèå, ÃÎÑÒ 10317–79 ïðèìåì ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó âûâîäàìè (à ñîîòâåòñòâåííî è öåíòðàìè îòâåðñòèé ÊÏ) ðàâíûì 25 ìì.
4. Òðàíçèñòîðû ÊÒ315Á è ÊÒ361Á.
ds=0.8
|∆|=0.13
d=0.8+0.13+0.1=1,03
Ñîãëàñíî ÃÎÑÒ 10317–79, d=1,1 ìì
Èñïîëüçóÿ ôîðìóëó ïîëó÷èì D=1,1+0.333=1.433
Òàêèì îáðàçîì D=1.5 ìì
Âûâîäû ýëåìåíòà íå ôîðìóþòñÿ.
5. Äèîä ÊÄ102Á
ds=0.55
|∆|=0.13
d=0.55+0.13+0.1=0,68
Ñîãëàñíî ÃÎÑÒ 10317–79, d=0,7 ìì
Èñïîëüçóÿ ôîðìóëó ïîëó÷èì D=0,7+0.333=1.033
Òàêèì îáðàçîì D=1.1 ìì
ly = L + 2l0 + 2R + d
ly =3,2+2•0,5+2•1+0,55=6,75
Ó÷èòûâàÿ òðåáîâàíèå, ÃÎÑÒ 10317–79 ïðèìåì ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó âûâîäàìè (à ñîîòâåòñòâåííî è öåíòðàìè îòâåðñòèé ÊÏ) ðàâíûì 7,5 ìì
6. Ñâåòîäèîä L-934SRC-E
ds=0.5
|∆|=0.13
d=0.5+0.13+0.1=0,63
Ñîãëàñíî ÃÎÑÒ 10317–79, d=0,7 ìì
Èñïîëüçóÿ ôîðìóëó ïîëó÷èì D=0,7+0.333=1.033
Òàêèì îáðàçîì D=1.1 ìì
Âûâîäû ýëåìåíòà íå ôîðìóþòñÿ
7. Ñòàáèëèòðîí ÊÑ213Â
ds=0.53
|∆|=0.13
d=0.53+0.13+0.1=0,66
Ñîãëàñíî ÃÎÑÒ 10317–79, d=0,7 ìì
Èñïîëüçóÿ ôîðìóëó ïîëó÷èì D=0,7+0.333=1.033
Òàêèì îáðàçîì D=1.1 ìì
Âûâîäû ýëåìåíòà íå ôîðìóþòñÿ
8. Çâóêîèçëó÷àòåëü HPM14AX.
ds=0,7
|∆|=0.13
d=0,7+0.13+0.1=0,93
Ñîãëàñíî ÃÎÑÒ 10317–79, d=1,0 ìì
Èñïîëüçóÿ ôîðìóëó ïîëó÷èì D=1,0+0.383=1.383
Òàêèì îáðàçîì D=1,4 ìì
Âûâîäû ýëåìåíòà íå ôîðìóþòñÿ.
Ðàñ÷åò øèðèíû ïðîâîäíèêîâ è çàçîðîâ
Ïðèáëèæåííûé àíàëèç ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ñõåìû ïîçâîëÿåò îòíåñòè å¸ ê ñëàáîòî÷íûì è íèçêîâîëüòíûì öåïÿì. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, øèðèíà ïå÷àòíûõ ïðîâîäíèêîâ è çàçîðîâ âûáèðàþòñÿ ìèíèìàëüíûìè äëÿ äàííîãî êëàññà òî÷íîñòè, òî åñòü 0,25 ìì.
Ðàñ÷åò ïëîùàäè ïëàòû
Ðàññ÷èòàåì ïëîùàäè, çàíèìàåìûå ýëåìåíòàìè ïå÷àòíîãî óçëà:
Ñóììàðíàÿ ïëîùàäü, çàíèìàåìàÿ ýëåìåíòàìè ïå÷àòíîãî óçëà:
Ðàññ÷èòàåì ïëîùàäü ïëàòû, âûáðàâ êîýôôèöèåíò èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ 1,5:
Ñîãëàñíî äåéñòâóþùåìó ÃÎÑÒ 10317–79 ïðè äëèíå ñòîðîíû ïå÷àòíîé ïëàòû äî 100 ìì ðàçìåðû êàæäîé ñòîðîíû äîëæíû áûòü êðàòíû 2,5 ìì.  öåëÿõ íàèáîëåå ðàöèîíàëüíîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ïëîùàäè ïëàòû âûïîëíèì å¸ â âèäå ïðÿìîóãîëüíèêà. Áëèæàéøåå çíà÷åíèå ïëîùàäè, óäîâëåòâîðÿþùåå òðåáîâàíèÿì ñòàíäàðòà, ðàâíî 1440 ìì2. Ýòî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ðàçìåðàì ïëàòû 48 õ 30 ìì2.
Î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî èçãîòîâèòü ïå÷àòíûé óçåë òàêîãî ðàçìåðà íåâîçìîæíî. Ýòî îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ òåì, ÷òî ïëîùàäü, çàíèìàåìàÿ ïåðåõîäíûìè îòâåðñòèÿìè è êîíòàêòíûìè ïëîùàäêàìè, íå ó÷èòûâàåòñÿ ïðè ðàñ÷åòå êîýôôèöèåíòà èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ. Ïðè ìàëûõ ðàçìåðàõ ïëàòû îíà áóäåò ñîñòàâëÿòü çíà÷èòåëüíóþ äîëþ ïëîùàäè âñåé ïëàòû. Òàêæå äëÿ êîìôîðòíîé íàñòðîéêè ãðîìêîñòè ïðè ïîìîùè ïåðåìåííûõ ðåçèñòîðîâ ðàñïîëîæèì èõ íà óäîáíîì ðàññòîÿíèè äðóã îò äðóãà.
Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìû âûíóæäåíû óâåëè÷èòü ðàçìåðû ïå÷àòíîé ïëàòû. Ïðè ýòîì êîýôôèöèåíò èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ áóäåò ìåíüøå òðåáóåìîãî â çàäàíèè.
Îïûòíûì ïóòåì áûë óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî ìèíèìàëüíûé ðàçìåð ïëàòû, ïðè êîòîðîì âîçìîæíî ñîçäàòü äàííûé ïå÷àòíûé óçåë, ðàâåí 65 õ 55 ìì2. Êîýôôèöèåíò èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ïðè ýòîì ðàâåí:
2.2.2 Ñîçäàíèå áèáëèîòåêè êîìïîíåíòîâ
Ïðè ñîçäàíèè áèáëèîòåêè êîìïîíåíòîâ ïå÷àòíîãî óçëà íåîáõîäèìî:
1. Ïðè ïîìîùè ðåäàêòîðà Symbol Editor ñîçäàòü óñëîâíîå îáîçíà÷åíèå êîìïîíåíòà ñîãëàñíî ÃÎÑÒ 2.728 – 74, ÃÎÑÒ 2.730 – 73. Óñòàíîâèòü àòðèáóòû {RefDes}, {Type}, {Value} (äëÿ îäíîçíà÷íîé èäåíòèôèêàöèè ýëåìåíòà íà ïîñëåäóþùåé ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ñõåìå) è òî÷êó ïðèâÿçêè, îòíîñèòåëüíî êîòîðîé áóäåò âðàùàòüñÿ èçîáðàæåíèå íà ñõåìå. Ïðîâåðèòü ïðàâèëüíîñòü ñîçäàíèÿ óñëîâíîãî îáîçíà÷åíèÿ (êîìàíäîé Utils/Validate).
Ðèñ. 13. Óñëîâíîå îáîçíà÷åíèå ýëåìåíòà Ñ2–33Í ñ àòðèáóòàìè
2. Ïðè ïîìîùè ðåäàêòîðà Pattern Editor ñîçäàòü ïîñàäî÷íîå ìåñòî ïîä êîìïîíåíò ñ ó÷åòîì ãåîìåòðè÷åñêèõ ðàçìåðîâ êîðïóñà è êîíòàêòíûõ ïëîùàäîê. Óñòàíîâèòü àòðèáóòû {RefDes}, {Type}, {Value} (äëÿ îäíîçíà÷íîé èäåíòèôèêàöèè ýëåìåíòà íà ïîñëåäóþùåé ñõåìå êîìïîíîâêè ïå÷àòíîãî óçëà) è òî÷êó ïðèâÿçêè. Ïðè íåîáõîäèìîñòè óêàçàòü òî÷êó íàíåñåíèÿ êëåÿ. Ïðîâåðèòü ïðàâèëüíîñòü ñîçäàíèÿ ïîñàäî÷íîãî ìåñòà (êîìàíäîé Utils/Validate).
Ðèñ. 14. Ïîñàäî÷íîå ìåñòî ïîä ýëåìåíò Ñ2–33Í ñ àòðèáóòàìè
3.  ìåíåäæåðå áèáëèîòåê Library Executive ïðîèçâåñòè ñîåäèíåíèå ïîñàäî÷íîãî ìåñòà ñ óñëîâíûì îáîçíà÷åíèåì ïóò¸ì çàäàíèÿ ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ ìåæäó êîíòàêòíûìè ïëîùàäêàìè ïåðâîãî è êîíòàêòàìè âòîðîãî ñ óêàçàíèåì èõ òèïîâ. Ïðîâåðèòü ïðàâèëüíîñòü ñîçäàíèÿ êîìïîíåíòà (êîìàíäîé Utils/Validate).
Òàáëèöà 11. Òàáëèöà ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ äëÿ ýëåìåíòà Ñ2–33Í
Ñîãëàñîâàíèå ñèìâîëîâ îñòàëüíûõ êîìïîíåíòîâ ñ èõ ïîñàäî÷íûìè ìåñòàìè è ñîçäàíèå äîïîëíèòåëüíîé òåêñòîâîé èíôîðìàöèè, òî åñòü óïàêîâêà êîìïîíåíòà â êîðïóñ, ïðåäñòàâëåíû íà ðèñóíêàõ 15–21.
Ðèñ. 15. Êîìïîíåíò Ñ1–4
Ðèñ. 16. Êîìïîíåíò Ê50–12
Ðèñ. 17. Êîìïîíåíò ÊÄ102Á
Ðèñ. 18. Êîìïîíåíò ÊÑ213Â
Ðèñ. 19. Êîìïîíåíò ÊÒ315Á
Ðèñ. 20. Êîìïîíåíò ÊÒ361Á
Ðèñ. 21. Êîìïîíåíò ÍÐÌ14ÀÕ
Ðèñ. 22. Êîìïîíåíò L-934SRC-E
 ðåçóëüòàòå ïðîäåëàííîé ðàáîòû ïîëó÷àåòñÿ ôàéë *.lib, ñîäåðæàùèé âñþ íåîáõîäèìóþ èíôîðìàöèþ îá ýëåìåíòíîé áàçå ïå÷àòíîãî óçëà (ðèñóíîê 23).
Ðèñ. 23. Áèáëèîòåêà êîìïîíåíòîâ
2.2.3 Ôîðìèðîâàíèå ñõåìû ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ïðèíöèïèàëüíîé
Ôîðìèðîâàíèå ïðèíöèïèàëüíîé ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ñõåìû ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ â ðåäàêòîðå Schematic. Ïðîöåññ ñîçäàíèÿ ñõåìû ìîæíî ðàçäåëèòü íà íåñêîëüêî ýòàïîâ:
1. Íàñòðîéêà ñðåäû ðåäàêòîðà:
– óñòàíîâêà ôîðìàòà ðàáî÷åé îáëàñòè À4;
– óñòàíîâêà ìèëëèìåòðîâîãî øàãà ñåòêè, êðàòíîãî 2,5 (ñîãëàñíî ÅÑÊÄ);
– óñòàíîâêà êèðèëëè÷åñêîãî øðèôòà â êà÷åñòâå ñòàíäàðòíîãî;
– óñòàíîâêà øèðèíû ëèíèé;
– ñîçäàíèå øàáëîíà øòàìïà (ñîãëàñíî ÅÑÊÄ) â âèäå *.ttl-ôàéëà è åãî ïîäêëþ÷åíèå ê äîêóìåíòó;
– ïîäêëþ÷åíèå ðàíåå ñîçäàííîé áèáëèîòåêè êîìïîíåíòîâ;
2. Íåïîñðåäñòâåííîå ñîçäàíèå ñõåìû:
– ðàçìåùåíèå íàäïèñåé, îáîçíà÷åíèé êîìïîíåíòîâ â ðàáî÷åé îáëàñòè ãðàôè÷åñêîãî ðåäàêòîðà è îáúåäèíåíèå âûâîäîâ ïðîâîäíèêàìè;
– ðåäàêòèðîâàíèå ïîëîæåíèÿ ýëåìåíòîâ è íàäïèñåé íà ñõåìå;
3. Ïðîâåðêà ñõåìû ñðåäñòâàìè ðåäàêòîðà (êîìàíäîé Utils/ERC.).
Ðåçóëüòàòîì ïðîäåëàííîé ðàáîòû ÿâëÿåòñÿ *.sch-ôàéë ñõåìû ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ïðèíöèïèàëüíîé, à òàêæå *.erc-ôàéë ïðîòîêîëà îøèáîê (ñì. Ïðèëîæåíèÿ).
Òåêñò ïðîòîêîëà îøèáîê:
D:\Ìîè äîêóìåíòû\!!! Ìîé êóðñà÷ ïî Ñóñêèíó!!!\Ð-CAD\Ñõåìà.erc:
ERC Report Options:
–
Single Node Nets: On
No Node Nets: On
Electrical Rules: On
Unconnected Pins: On
Unconnected Wires: On
Bus/Net Rules: On
Component Rules: On
Net Connectivity Rules: On
Hierarchy Rules: On
ERC Errors:
–
SINGLE NODE NETS:
0 warning(s) detected.
0 error(s) detected.
NO NODE NETS:
0 warning(s) detected.
0 error(s) detected.
ELECTRICAL RULES:
Warning 1 – Net NET00027 has no input pins
Warning 2 – Net NET00027 has no output pins
Warning 3 – Net NET00022 has no input pins
Warning 4 – Net NET00022 has no output pins
Warning 5 – Net NET00028 has no input pins
Warning 6 – Net NET00028 has no output pins
Warning 7 – Net NET00004 has no input pins
Warning 8 – Net NET00004 has no output pins
Warning 9 – Net NET00005 has no input pins
Warning 10 – Net NET00005 has no output pins
Warning 11 – Net NET00006 has no input pins
Warning 12 – Net NET00006 has no output pins
Warning 13 – Net NET00015 has no input pins
Warning 14 – Net NET00015 has no output pins
Warning 15 – Net NET00020 has no input pins
Warning 16 – Net NET00020 has no output pins
Warning 17 – Net NET00016 has no input pins
Warning 18 – Net NET00016 has no output pins
Warning 19 – Net NET00019 has no input pins
Warning 20 – Net NET00019 has no output pins
Warning 21 – Net NET00026 has no input pins
Warning 22 – Net NET00026 has no output pins
22 warning(s) detected.
0 error(s) detected.
UNCONNECTED PINS:
0 warning(s) detected.
0 error(s) detected.
UNCONNECTED WIRES:
0 warning(s) detected.
0 error(s) detected.
BUS/NET RULES:
0 warning(s) detected.
0 error(s) detected.
COMPONENT RULES:
0 warning(s) detected.
0 error(s) detected.
NET CONNECTIVITY RULES:
0 warning(s) detected.
0 error(s) detected.
HIERARCHY RULES:
Hierarchy is simple.
Hierarchy is resolved.
0 warning(s) detected.
0 error(s) detected.
ERC Summary:
–
Single Node:
Errors: 0
Warnings: 0
Ignored Errors: 0
No Node:
Errors: 0
Warnings: 0
Ignored Errors: 0
Electrical:
Errors: 0
Warnings: 22
Ignored Errors: 0
Unconnected Pin:
Errors: 0
Warnings: 0
Ignored Errors: 0
Unconnected Wire:
Errors: 0
Warnings: 0
Ignored Errors: 0
Bus/Net:
Errors: 0
Warnings: 0
Ignored Errors: 0
Component:
Errors: 0
Warnings: 0
Ignored Errors: 0
Net Connectivity:
Errors: 0
Warnings: 0
Ignored Errors: 0
Hierarchy:
Errors: 0
Warnings: 0
Ignored Errors: 0P-CAD Electrical Rules Check Report
Ñîãëàñíî ïðîòîêîëó, ïðèíöèïèàëüíàÿ ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ ñõåìà âûïîëíåíà ïðàâèëüíî è ìû â ïðàâå ïåðåéòè ê êîìïîíîâêå ïå÷àòíîãî óçëà.
... , è íà ïðàêòèêå 5NF íå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ. Çàìåòèì, ÷òî çàâèñèìîñòü ñîåäèíåíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáîáùåíèåì êàê ìíîãîçíà÷íîé çàâèñèìîñòè, òàê è ôóíêöèîíàëüíîé çàâèñèìîñòè. 4. ÐÀÇÐÀÁÎÒÊÀ ÁÀÇÛ ÄÀÍÍÛÕ 4.1 Ïðåäìåòíàÿ îáëàñòü áàçû äàííûõ Áàçà äàííûõ ïðåäíàçíà÷åíà äëÿ õðàíåíèÿ èíôîðìàöèè îá ýëåêòðîííûõ èñòî÷íèêàõ ëèòåðàòóðû â âèäå ôàéëîâ, óïàêîâàííûõ â àðõèâû. Ôàéëû àðõèâîâ ôèçè÷åñêè ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ íà ñåðâåðå ...
... õàðàêòåðà, îäíàêî ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ïðîøëûì ãîäîì îíè óâåëè÷èëèñü, ÷òî ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîëîæèòåëüíîé òåíäåíöèåé. 3. Ïóòè ïîâûøåíèÿ ðåíòàáåëüíîñòè ïðîèçâîäñòâà 3.1 Êîìïëåêñ îðãàíèçàöèîííî-òåõíè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî ïîâûøåíèþ ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ïðîèçâîäñòâà Èñõîäÿ èç ñóùíîñòè ïîâûøåíèÿ óðîâíÿ ðåíòàáåëüíîñòè åå êðèòåðèåì íà óðîâíå ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ìàêñèìèçàöèÿ ïðèáûëè íà åäèíèöó èñïîëüçóåìûõ ...
... çà ñ÷¸ò ÷åãî áûë ïîëó÷åí ýêîíîìè÷åñêèé ýôôåêò íà ñóììó 71 ìëí. ð. è 152 ìëí. ð. ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Äëÿ äàëüíåéøåé ýêîíîìèè ýíåðãîðåñóðñîâ â ÓÏ «Êàðëèíîâãàç» ÿ ïðåäëàãàþ ââåäåíèå ñëåäóþùèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé: - Ðàçðàáîòêà ïðîåêòà ïî ðåêîíñòðóêöèè êîòëîàãðåãàòà, â ðåçóëüòàòå ÷åãî ïðåäïðèÿòèå ñìîæåò äîñòè÷ü ñíèæåíèÿ ðàñõîäà òåïëî- è ýëåêòðîýíåðãèè íà ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûå íóæäû. - Âíåäðåíèå ñèñòåìû GPS- ...
0 êîììåíòàðèåâ