2. The gerund can be preceded by a proposition.
I’m very, very tired of rowing – Я очень, очень устала грести.
He’s fond of skating. – Он увлекается коньками.
You can’t make an omelette without breaking eggs. – Ты не можешь сделать омлет без яиц.
I’m tired f hearing about that. – Я устала это слушать (5 – 137).
3. Like a noun the gerund can be modified by a noun in the Possessive Case or by a possessive pronoun.
“I wonder at Jolyon’s allowing this cugagement”, he said to aunt Ann. – «Меня удивляет, что Джолиoн допустил эту помолвку», сказал он тетушке Энн.
Is there any objection to my seeing her? – Кто-нибудь возражает против того, чтобы я повидался с ней? (7 – 259).
The verbal characteristics of the gerund are the same as those of the participle:
1) The gerund of transitive verbs can take a direct object.
I had now made a good progress in understanding and speaking their language. – Сейчас я сделал хорошее продвижение в понимании и говорении их языка.
2) The gerund can be modified by an adverb.
She burst out crying bitterly. – Она горько расплакалась.
3) The gerund has tense distinctions; the gerund of transitive verbs has also voice distinctions. The forms of the gerund in modern English are as follows (2 – 624).
| Active | Passive | |
| Indefinite | writing | being written |
| Perfect | having written | having been written |
There is no gerund in the Russian language and the English gerund is rendered in Russian in different ways:
a) by a noun.
Dancing had not begun yet. – Танцы еще не начались (10 – 232).
b) by an infinitive.
He had tea with Cipriano before leaving. – Перед тем, как уйти, она выпила чай с Kиприано.
It is no good hiding our heads under our wings. – Бесполезно прятать голову под крыло. * (Here and there the translation is mine)
c) by деепричастие.
And without waiting for her answer he turned and left us. – И не дожидаясь ее, он повернулся и вышел.
On seeing Bella he stopped, beckoned her to him, and drew her arm through his. – Увидев Беллу, он остановился, подозвал ее к себе и взял под руку (16 – 19).
d) by a subordinate clause.
He regretted now having come. – Теперь он сожалел, что пришел.
It should be observed that though the active forms of the gerund may be rendered in different ways, the passive forms are nearly always rendered by a clause.
As she contemplated the wide windows and imposing signs, she became conscious of being gazed upon. – Когда она рассматривала широкие витрины и внушительные вывески, она почувствовала, что на нее смотрят.
After having been informed of the conference in my lady’s room,… he immediately decided on waiting to hear the news from Frizinghall. – После того как ему сообщили о совещании в комнате миледи,… он сразу решил подождать, чтобы узнать новости из Фризингхолла (15, 171).
1.2The tense distinctions of the gerund
The tense destinations of the gerund, like those of the participle, are not absolute but relative.
The Indefinite Gerund Active and Passive denotes an action simultaneous with the action expressed by the finite verb it may refer to the present, past, or future.
He can swim for any number of hours without tiring. - Он может плыть много часов подряд, не уставая.
She walked on without turning her head. – Она шла, не поворачивая головы.
Gwendolen will not rest without having the world at her feet. – Гвендолен не успокоится, пока весь мир не будет у ее ног.
No one could pass in or out without being seen. – Никто не мог ни войти так, чтобы его не видели (12 – 105).
However, a prior action is not always expressed by a perfect Gerund; in some cases we find an Indefinite Gerund. This occurs after the verbs to remember, to excuse, to forgive, to thank and after the prepositions on (upon), after and without.
I don’t remember hearing the legend before. – Я не помню, что бы я раньше слышала о легенде.
Thank you for restraining me just now. – Благодарю тебя, что сдержал меня сейчас.
On leaving the house we directed our steps to the nearest shade. – Покинув дом, мы осматривались к ближайшей тени.
After walking about ten yards, he found the hat among the leaves. – Пройдя около десяти ярдов, он обнаружил шляпу среди листьев.
She passes through and disappears in the village without noticing the young lady. – Она проходит мимо и исчезает в деревне не замечая юную леди (14 – 210).
The Perfect Gerund may also be used after the above mentioned verbs and prepositions.
He did not remember having been in that room. – Он не помнил, чтобы когда-ни будь был в этой комнате.
After having denied herself to everybody, Miss Rachel, to our astonishment, walked into the midst of us of her own accord. – После того как мисс Рэчел отказалась видеть кого бы то ни было, она к нашему удивлению, вышла к нам по своему собственному желанию.
They parted at Cohen’s door without having spoken to each other again. – Они расстались у двери дома Коэна, не сказав друг другу ни слова (15, 173).
1.3The voice distinctions of the gerund
The gerund of transitive verbs has special forms for the active and the passive voice.
He liked neither reading aloud nor being read aloud to. – Он не любил ни читать вслух, ни слушать чтение.
It’s to observed that after the verbs to want, to need, to deserve, to require and the adjective worth the gerund is used in the active form, though it is passive in meaning.
“The slums want attending to, no doubt”, he said. – «Без сомнения трущобами надо заняться», – сказал он.
He realized that his room needed painting. – Он понял, что его комнату надо покрасить.
The child deserves praising. – Ребенок заслуживает того, чтобы его похвалили.
They were not worth saving. – Их не стоило спасать (4 – 66).
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