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The operation of multinational corporations of the USA in Russian
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2.1 The operation of multinational corporations of the USA in Russian
Russia is gradually transforming into the country for which the economy is characterized by greater liberalization, an open access for foreign companies to the majority of spheres of economic activities. In particular, large transnational corporations come to Russia, which economic activities have a global character.
The following companies - «General Electric», «Westinghouse Electric», «GEC-Alston», etc. - while showing care, take steps to gain profit on newly created markets.
American automobile companies are also entering the markets of the countries with transitive economy, by means of investments very cautiously. The company "Ford" has been producing cars at a new assembly factory in Poland since autumn 1995, but the volumes of the assembly were small. The company «General Motors» has created in Gilwice an assembly factory of family cars «Opel Astra» from imported accessories. In Russia «General Motors» has set up organized a small manufacture (assembly) on the basis of the factory Elabuga capacities..
In Belarus market " Ford " has adjusted coproduction of the car "Ford-Transit" which is greatly exported to the CIS countries. It invested 30 million dollars in it, this is very small capital for investments abroad. In Russia «Ford» has recently started a small manufacture of elite cars in Leningrad region. Investments are also not so greater (150 million dollars), but the project is remarkable because the enterprise in Russia was constructed from zero while projects of other foreign companies use operating capacities of their Russian partners. Though the part of the Russian accessories in the cost of the car is also insignificant (6 %), but in the long term this part will increase.
Thus analyzing the activity of large transnational corporations, it is possible to note successful factors which success for the introduction and promotion of the multinational corporation in the Russian market:
1) the success in Russia is often promoted by “a non-standard behavior”: many western businessmen note the specificity of conditions in the countries with transitive economy, especially in Russia where the methods used in other countries, do not always work;
2) because of high risk in the Russian economy;
3) the market of foodstuffs and consumer goods in Russia is undergoing if not boom, but obvious revival and growth. Therefore many western manufacturers of the foodstuffs consider Russia a perspective commodity market.
The conclusion
Observing obvious trends on the world market, we can draw the conclusion that transnational corporations are one of the most powerful elements of internationalization of the society. "Global" transnational corporations, first of all American ones, have transferred into the dominating factor of development of the world economy and international economic relations today. Direct investments of the multinational corporations play a key role in the functioning of national economies and expansion of international industrial system - a material core of modern globalized economy.
The analysis of activity of the multinational corporation allows to allocate the following basic sources of effective activity of the multinational corporation (in comparison with only national companies):
· Use of advantages of possession by natural resources: the capital and knowledge, especially the results of research and development;
· Opportunity of an optimum arrangement of enterprises in different
countries in view of sizes of their home market, rates of economic growth, the price and qualification of a labor, prices and availability of other economic resources, development of an infrastructure;
· Use in the purposes of financial resources of all world;
· Constant knowledge of a conjuncture of the commodity, currency and financial markets in different countries;
· Experience of the international management, including the optimum organization of manufacture and selling, maintenance of high reputation of a firm.
Sources of effective activity of this type are dynamical: they usually increase in process of growth of actives of the company and in diversification of its activity. Thus, with necessary conditions of realization of these sources, reliable and inexpensive communication of the head company with foreign branches, a wide network of business contacts of foreign branches with local firms of the host country , skilful use of the opportunities given by the legislation of this country can be used.
The multinational corporation can continue function effectively by reducing the bureaucratic device, improving the control system and advertising activity mastering old market more deeply and getting on new foreign markets.
Thus, the carried out research s allows to draw the conclusion that now it is possible to speak about a division of labor not so much between the countries, but between transnational corporations.
There is a complex and continuously developing phenomenon of the international corporation in the system of intereconomic communications, which demands constant attention, studying and international control.
Appendix.
Figure 1.
The largest multinational corporations of the USA which have enclosed greater volumes of investments in the Russian economy
| The company | Volume of investments | The form of investment cooperation | Specialization |
| «Coca-Cola» | 750 million dollars | 20 factories on pouring drinks are constructed, 350 distributive centers in 11 cities of Russia | Nonalcoholic – drinks |
| «Pepsi-Cola» | 200 million dollars | 13 Factories on pouring drinks, 50 warehouses in 5 cities of Russia | Nonalcoholic – drinks |
| «General Motors» | The Designed capacity-150 thousand pieces a year | Cars | |
| «Ford» | 150 million dollars | The Designed capacity, 50 thousand pieces a year | Cars |
| «McDonald» | 215 million dollars | The company has opened 71 restaurant in 22 cities of Russia, Including 39 outlets in Moscow, 14 - in Moscow area, 8 - in St.-Petersburg | fast food restaurants |
| «RJRInternational» | 400 million dollars | Owns the enterprises in St.-Petersburg. 20 % of the Russian market | Tobacco products |
| «Philip Morris » | 250 million dollars | 3 tobacco factories - Kuban, , Neva | Tobacco products |
| «Conaco» | 550 million dollars | Joint venture « Polar light » in the Republic Komi | Oil |
| «Exxon» | 300 million dollars | Participation in projects on development oil deposits of the shelf Sakhalin-1 and Sakhalin-3 | Oil |
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