Teaching of independent activity at foreign language lessons
Formation and development of skills of the independent creative activity with the usage of educational game at the English language Lessons
Development of skills of independent creative activity in the course of teaching a foreign language
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Teaching of independent activity at foreign language lessons
Development of creative abilities at English lessons
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1.1 Teaching of independent activity at foreign language lessons
The aspiration to carry out the tasks demanding display great intellect, imagination, desire to get knowledge, dream, - here are necessary conditions of occurrence of a great interest in subjects. Independent work is considered to be the specific form of the schoolpupils’ educational activity characterising by all its features. As a matter of fact, it is the form of self-education connected with educational activity of the pupil in a class. The concept of independent pupil’s work of modern didactics is sure to correspond with the organizing a teacher’s role.
Various kinds of individual and collective pupil’s activity mean independent work. They are carried out by them in class and extra activity at home according to the tasks without direct teacher’s participation. Learning a foreign language at home and somewhere else out of class, assumes as a basis of consideration of independent pupils’ activity. It represents various kinds of activity with education and bringing up of the pupil’s character himself, his independent work should be realised as free for choice, internally motivated activity. It assumes performance by the pupil of number of actions entering into it, the comprehension of the purpose of the activity, acceptance of an educational problem, giving a personal sense to it, submission of other interests to performance of this problem and forms of employment of the pupil, self-organising in the distribution of educational actions in time, self-checking in the course of performance and some other actions.
Mastering a foreign language is connected with the formation of pupils’ pronounciation, lexical, grammatical, spelling and other skills. This is the basis of abilities to understand oral speech, to improve speaking, reading and writing. As far as it is known, skills are developed only during regular performance of certain actions of a teaching material, i.e. such actions which allow to listen, say, read and write repeatedly in studied language.
Oral speech and first of all speaking practice is carried out directly in the presence of the interlocutors which role at school is carried out by the teacher and schoolmates. However teaching speaking is supposed to have certain stages for which independent work is the most adequate form.
It is also necessary to include certain links of work on a language material in independent work – acquaintance to it and partially training in its usage. As to reading, this kind of activity is made by the reader mainly alone with itself, hence, independent work quite corresponds to it. Attentive listening to English speech takes place now not only in a class, without preparation, in the presence of the teacher, from its voice or in phonorecord, but there are also audiotexts for independent pupils’ work, and this form of work is quite applicable to the given kind of speech activity. Training of writting also assumes certain stages. Speaking of independent work and pupils’ work in a class the first one is of more significance.
The lesson-performance is effective and productive mode of study. Usage of works of art of the foreign literature at foreign language lessons improves pupils’ pronounciation skills, provides creation of communicative, informative and aesthetic motivation. Performance preparation is a creative work which promotes the development of skills of children’s language dialogue and disclosing of their individual creative abilities.
Such kind of work stirs up pupils’cogitative and speech activity, develops their interest to the literature, serves the best mastering of culture of the country of studied language, and also extends of language. Thus there is a process of storing of vocabilary. At the same time formation of the school children’s vocabilary leads to the so-called passive-potential vocabulary. It is important that pupils are satisfied with such kind of work.
The modern approach to studying of English language assumes not only getting of any sum of knowledge in a subject, but also development of own position, own relation to the reading: mutual wondering, empathy, interfaces and author's "I".
The dictionary of short terms treats the concept "essay" as a sketch version in which the leading role is played both by fact of reproduction and the image of impressions, meditations, associations.
At the English lessons pupils analyze the selected problem, defend their position. Pupils should be able to estimate the read works critically, to state thoughts in written form according to the put problem, to learn to defend their point of view and to make their own decision in an understanding way in a class. Such form of a lesson develops mental pupils’ functions, logic and analytical thinking and that is important, ability to think in a foreign language.
The lesson in the form of a musical play promotes development socio-cultural competence and acquaintance with the cultures of the English-speaking countries. Methodical advantages of song creativity in teaching a foreign language are obvious. It promotes aesthetic and moral education of schoolchildren, opens creative abilities of each pupil more fully. Thanks to musical singing at a lesson the favorable psychological climate is created, the weariness decreases, language activity is stirred up. In many cases’ it serves also as a discharge reducing pressure and restors pupils’ working capacity.
Recently the method of projects gets more and more supporters. It is directed to develop child’s active independent thinking and to teach him to remember and reproduce knowledge which are given to him by school, and to be able to put them into practice.
The design technique at work differs by a co-operative character on the project. Activity carried out is creative in its essence and focused on the person of the pupil. It assumes a high level of individual and collective responsibility for performance of each task on project working out. Teamwork of the group of pupils over the project is inseparable from active communicative interaction of pupils. The design technique is one of forms of the organisation of research informative activity in which pupils take an active subjective position. Theme of the project can be connected with one subject sphere or have a interdisciplined character. At selection of a theme of the project the teacher should be guided by interests and requirements of pupils, their possibilities and the personal importance of the forthcoming work, the practical importance of the result of work on the project. The executed project can be presented in the most different forms: an article, recommendations, an album, a collage and many other things. Forms of presentation of the project are also various: a report, a conference, a competition, a holiday, a performance. The main result of work on the project will be actualisation of available and getting new knowledge, skills and abilities and their creative application in new conditions. Work on the project is carried out in some stages and usually is beyond educational activity at lessons: a choice of a theme or a project problem; formation of group of executors; working out of the plan of work on the project, definition of terms; distribution of tasks among pupils; fulfilment of the tasks, discussion the results of fulfilment of each task in a group; registration of joint result; the report under the project; an estimation of performance of the project.
Work by a design technique demands from pupils a high degree of independence of search activity, coordination of their actions, active research, performing and communicative interaction. The role of the teacher consists in preparation of pupils for work on the project, choice of a theme, in rendering assistance by the pupil at scheduling, in the current control and consultation of pupils on a course of performance of the project with function of participator.
So, the basic idea of a method of projects consists in transferring accent from a various kind of exercises on active cogitative activity of pupils during joint creative work.
The specified forms of work are comprehensible in all classes. It is natural that its volume and character of management of it on the part of the teachers differ.
In the methods it is accepted to allocate following levels of independent work:
- Reproducing (copying);
- The semicreative;
- The creative.
Reproducing level of independent work is very important at learning a foreign language as it underlies its other levels, and it is responsible for formation of pronouncing -lexical and grammatical base, for creation of samples in the pupil’s memory.
Independence is treated in pedagogy, as one of the person’s properties. This property is characterised by two factors. The first factor includes set of means – knowledge, abilities, skills which the person possesses. The second factor – the relation of the person to activity process, its result and conditions of the realisation, and also communications developing in the course of activity with other people.
One of significant problems in pedagogy is the problem of forming – self-dependence means to make, to organize, to generate. We hold that opinion that formation is a process in the course of which there is a creation of something new on the basis of available qualities of the person as genesis character, and acquired. In works of scientists on problems of informative independence, depending on the aspect of research, the definition of concept of informative independence is revealed a condition, methods, structure of development of pupils’ creative abilities through independent kinds of activity.
Independent work can be carried out in various organizational forms: individually, in pairs, in small groups and the whole class.
Each of the named forms urged to create and develop organizational, information, informative and communicative abilities of pupils. These abilities will provide advancement of pupils in language mastering in the unity with the development of their methods.
One of the main tasks formulated within the limits of the concept of modernisation of a Russian education for the period till 2010, a role of independent work of pupils and strengthening of responsibility of teachers increase the development of skills of independent work, education of their creative activity and the initiative.
Independent work at the present stage is an obligatory part of the curriculum and one of the major components of the educational process the result of which is development of subject knowledge, the skills, considered as the integrated characteristic of readiness for the decision of problems. Independent pupils’ work should be devoted to mastering the ways of informative activity by pupils. At the same time independent work, its planning, organizational forms and methods, and also system of tracing of results are not investigated in the pedagogical theory in a full way of an education modernisation context.
The problem of the organisation of independent work is especially significant at foreign language studying. Moreover, at the present moment development communicative language can be seen in the majority of pupils. In this connection it’s necessary to change the way of organizing of independent work. The effect from independent work can be received only in that case when it will be organised and realised in teaching and educational process as the complete system penetrating in to all grade levels. At the present stage such system should include information computer support. Introduction of means of an information technology allows to solve such actual methods of teaching of problem foreign languages as: a problem of the control, an individualization and comfort of teaching foreign languages; nonlinear giving of the information, the account of different types of perception in teaching foreign languages; absence of the language surroundings.
Use of means of an information technology allows to provide learning of foreign languages at an individual rate, to raise independence and responsibility of the children, to build teaching according to the interests and the purposes of each child, to enter an intercultural component into training process.
Independent work in turn should be considered as the specific form of educational activity of the pupil, characterised by all its features. It is the higher form of its educational activity. As a matter of fact it is the form of self-education connected with educational activity of the pupil in a class.
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