Mutual Trade
Cooperating in oil gas and power sphere
Cooperating in sphere of transport and communications
Some aspects of economic interaction Kazakhstan and Russia
Engaging the foreign investments
Involvement in international organizations, kazakhstan and russia
VITAL PROBLEMS OF THE PRESENT-DAY STATE OF KAZAKHSTANI-RUSSIAN RELATIONS
Навигация
Cooperating in oil gas and power sphere
Economic Relations between Kazakhstan and Russia
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знак
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1.2 Cooperating in oil gas and power sphere.
The given direction of cooperating between two countries by us is one of perspective. The structure of the Kazakhstan export of oil on the countries in 2001 is characterized by lowering of a share of delivering in the countries of CIS (17 %) and expansion of geography of export of oil in the countries of foreign countries (83 %) (Diagrama5).
The indexes of export of petroleum in 2001 essentially have varied as contrasted to 2000. Alongside with export of Kazakhstan realizes import of petroleum. And 98 % of all imported volumes of petroleum are necessary on Russian Federation.
The lowering of the excise rates on imported petrol with 80 up to 31 EURO per ton in 2001 and falling recently of world prices per oil promoted magnifying of delivering of the Russian oil for in-house processing. The export of petroleum to the countries of CIS became more attractive for Russia, than the delivering of oil on the world market, as, for example, in Kazakhstan of the price on the same aspects of petroleum is much higher Russian.
Kazakhstan more than on 50 % depends on Russia in a ratio of delivering of crude oil on refinery factory in Shimkentand Pavlodar receive west Siberian oil on the algorithm manifold from Omsk. Pavlodar refinery factory on 100 % depends from west Siberian of oil. Shimkent usually works on 75 % on west Siberian and on 25 % on raw material Kumkol of a deposit. Today dependence from of west Siberian oil “Orgsintez” is reduced half at the expense of use of the Aktyubinsk oil, transport by a railway transportation from west of Kazakhstan. Because of lowering production of oil on west Siberian deposits, fadeout of payments and mutual debts the question of security by oil Pavlodar and Shimkent refinery factory more than once acquired critical character, and the capacity factor of powers of these enterprises frequently lowered below 0,5.
Its technological dependence on Russia falls into basic problems Pavlodar refinery factory: the production cycle of the enterprise is calculated for consumption west Siberian of oil with the low contents of sulfur and paraffin. The perspectives flagship of the Kazakhstan oil processing is complicated with its neighborhood with the Russian factories - competitors:
Omsk, Ufa, Volgograd refinery factory by the enterprises being vertically - integrated, they have stable access to crude oil, besides on reduced prices, which the necessities of northern Kazakhstan in petroleum could at desire completely satisfy.
Structure of export of the Kazakhstan oil, 2001
Diagram 5
In oil and gas of branch the cooperating explicates also through link of share development of the Kazakhstan deposits. Russia in the projects on natural resources users in region of Republic of Kazakhstan, as it is possible to see from the Diagrama6, occupies the fourth place and makes 6 %. The Russian investments in a mineral-raw complex (MSK) of Kazakhstan have made in 2000 32,2 million of dollars, including in investigation hydrocarbon of raw material (UVS) 3,5 mln of dollars, in production of hard minerals (TPI) - 28,7 mln of dollars.
Two Russian investors “Bashnevt” and OJSC “Lukoil” submit the investments in UVS. In oil branch of Kazakhstan the company “Lukoil” is submitted in such large projects, Tengiz and Karachiganak Besides “Lukoil” is ready to expand the presence at Kazakhstan, messages not only development of ready deposits, but also prospecting operations.
The large interest in relation to Kazakhstan is expressed with the large oil Russian company “Yokus” which has received a section for developments in Russia and region of Kazakhstan.
Structure of the direct foreign investments in Kazakhstan,2000
Diagram 6
In sphere TPI of Kazakhstan the Russian investors are submitted by such large companies, as the Russian Academy of Science of European Economic Community (83,9 %), OJSC “Magnitogorsk” metallurgical combine (10,6 %) and NPK “Investor” (3,8 %).
The Kazakhstan enterprises also show interest to the Russian projects. So, “Kazakhoil” (“Kazmunaigas”) negotiates for share developments in Tomsk region, on a deposit “Komsomolsk” in the Astrakhan region. At Kazakhstan oilman there are intentions to develop deposits in the Arkhangelsk region.
Since 2000 the electric power system of Kazakhstan works in a parallel condition from European Economic Community of Russia and grid system of the countries of Central Asia.
The parallel operation of electric power systems considerably has boosted quality of electrical power and reliability of electro supply of consumers of Kazakhstan, Central Asia and Russian Federation, and also has allowed operatively to realize surplus of electricity both transit of electrical power and powers, it is more rational to use power powers of electrical stations. The electric power system of Kazakhstan and Russian Academy of Science European Economic Comminity of Russia is called secure each other in case of crashes.
In the whole cooperating of Kazakhstan and Russia in fuel and energy sphere has noticeable perspectives.
Rather perspective the project of transfer of a direct current Ekibastuz - Tambov by voltage 1 500 sq is. This project opens an opportunity of transport of the electric power of the Siberian power stations and Ekibastuz heater in central regions of Russia and in the countries of Europe.
With the purposes of security of a mutually acceptable uniform tax condition of trade in the electric power, utilities equipment it is expedient to realize transition of the countries at collection of indirect taxes on a principle the countries of assignment. In this connection for a heightening of efficiency of a parallel operation of electric power systems the simplification of customs procedures is important at migration of electrical power through the customs boundary.
The major factor of a development of the power market is the deepening of cooperating in the field of scientific researches and developments of advanced techniques in manufacture of power, electro technical equipment. Now all aspects of equipment are made for power stations in Russia, (Leningrad metal factory, Belenergomash, Uralenergomash, Siberenergomash). With disintegration of Union economic links between the manufacturers and consumers of a utilities equipment considerably have worsened, that is negatively reflected in availability index of product of power complexes of the country. On this question it is expedient except of concrete measures at a level of Government.
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