ECONOMICS AND PRODUCTIVE FORCES

6. ECONOMICS AND PRODUCTIVE FORCES

6.1. Extent of reliability and self-sufficiency of the socio-cultural formation's economy

Socio-cultural system (SCS)

Economy is reliable and self-sufficient. It possesses considerable internal reserves, and contacts with other socio-cultural formations do not play determining role in its development, though these contacts are important for solving internal socio-cultural problems such as the neighbouring territories' transformation and competition with alien SCS-s. This is the unique quality and indication of SCS

Socio-cultural domain (SCD)

Economy is extremely vulnerable and never self-sufficient; in case of isolation becomes obviously poor and mediocre. Contacts with other socio-cultural formations are of most importance for economic prosperity and desired stability those, however, are never really lasting

Socio-cultural buffer zone

Economy is extremely vulnerable and never self-sufficient. It depends mainly on neighbouring SCS-s, and these may both arrange for a periodic destruction in a buffer zone and assist its short-term prosperity if it conforms to their interests

Mixed socio-cultural region

Economy is extremely dependent on SCS-s pretending to control the mixed region. In certain conditions of isolation, it may become self-sufficient (at the level of poverty and mediocrity)

6.2. Ability to generate stable and invent original economic standards and forms

Socio-cultural system (SCS)

Possesses the ability to generate and invent stable original economic standards and forms which may have no analogues outside this particular SCS. This is the unique quality and indication of SCS

Socio-cultural domain (SCD)

Able to generate and invent original economic standards and forms, however, quite unstable and aimed only to withstand the competing SCS-s' pressure

Socio-cultural buffer zone

Has no such ability

Mixed socio-cultural region

Has no such ability

6.3. Ability to generate technological innovations for socio-cultural purposes

Socio-cultural system (SCS)

Possesses the ability to generate and invent technological innovations for solving own socio-cultural problems, and first of all - internal tasks of creating the own homeland and naturally dependent vassals

Socio-cultural domain (SCD)

Possesses the ability to generate technological innovations for solving own socio-cultural problems. However, invention of these innovations is always very limited and vulnerable due to the nature of this particular socio-cultural formations. Internal market is too small and as such doesn't actually need such innovations. Technological innovations are never associated with, or caused by, the socio-cultural tasks of space transformation

Socio-cultural buffer zone

Has no such ability

Mixed socio-cultural region

Has no such ability

6.4. Ability to conduct wide-scale economic actions of sabotage aimed against socio-cultural competitors

Socio-cultural system (SCS)

Possesses the potential ability and practical possibilities to conduct wide-scale economic sabotage actions directed against alien socio-cultural formations. Such actions may be brought about in a various specific forms

Socio-cultural domain (SCD)

Possesses the potential ability and practical possibilities to conduct economic sabotage actions aimed against other socio-cultural formations. These actions may be brought about in a various specific forms. Characteristically, scales of such activity are considerably smaller compare to those of SCS-s

Socio-cultural buffer zone

Has no such ability as well as possibilities

Mixed socio-cultural region

Has no such ability as well as possibilities

* * *

Below, once more, is the list of the unique qualities and indications of socio-cultural systems:

Ability to assimilate the new territories into own homeland, as a rule, in regard to territories bordering with the old homeland and extended from its boundaries for any distance;

Ability to generate complicated internal structure of own space, mainly in order to protect and defend itself from other SCS-s and as a response to respective demands from the outside. This ability expresses itself in creating internal buffer zones along the borders with other SCS-s;

Complete cycle of the space socio-cultural assimilation. Researches reveal seven principal periods of socio-cultural evolution, and every period may consist of a few particular phases - subperiods and stages;

Inner logic always prevail over outer factors that are only used in case of strict correspondence with the SCS's evolution internal order. Even successful external spatial expansions are always used for own inner purposes;

Ability to create enclaves within alien regions to transform and assimilate them socio-culturally;

Ability to create naturally dependent vassals in a course of socio-cultural transformation of other territories;

Ability to conduct successive socio-cultural assimilation of alien population, by including it into own structure together with the new territories. This ability manifests itself during periods of creating own homeland and internal buffer zones;

Ability to generate migrations of population to socio-culturally transform alien territories into homelands, naturally dependent vassals and enclaves within buffer zones. In all the SCS-s, such migrations most often happen as a result of creating "end of the World" (mass starvation, civil wars, unstable state authorities) within traditional homelands;

Always possesses own world religion or its own unique version;

Ability to propagate and diffuse own version of religion outside own socio-cultural formation for the purpose of other territories transformation. SCS promotes own version of religion in a process of alien territories and population assimilation;

Ability to widen circulation of own language outside own homeland, and first of all - in the internal buffer zone and among the naturally dependent vassals. Such language begins being used as a daily mean of communications that is an important element of the process of socio-cultural assimilation of territories and population;

SCS's economy is reliable and self-sufficient. It possesses considerable internal reserves, and contacts with other socio-cultural formations do not play determining role in its development, though these contacts are important for solving internal socio-cultural problems such as the neighbouring territories' transformation and competition with alien SCS-s;

Possesses the ability to generate and invent stable original economic standards and forms which may have no analogues outside this particular SCS.

* * *

Here is the list of the socio-cultural formations existing by the end of the XX century. They went through some evolution and are now at the different periods of their development. Morphology of the socio-cultural formations is described in detail by their space-time models.

Socio-cultural systems: Barbarian-Nomadic SCS, Black African SCS, Chinese SCS, Hindu SCS, Muslim SCS, Russian SCS, South-American SCS, Western SCS

Socio-cultural domains (examples): Armenian, Japanese, Judaic

Socio-cultural buffer zones

We're talking here only about external socio-cultural buffer zones located between different SCS-s. External socio-cultural buffer zones are at present at the various stages of their evolution and differ drastically one from another. None the less, they are clearly defined as the formations of a specific socio-cultural type.

Let's cut the vast list of external buffer zones down to just two examples so that do not go deep into extensive explanations regarding complicated structures of these complex socio-cultural formations: 1) East-European buffer zone (Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary); 2) North-European buffer zone (Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway)

Mixed socio-cultural regions (examples): Islands of Pacific and Indian Oceans, South-East Asia

APPENDIX 3.

PERIODS OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SYSTEMS' EVOLUTION

BARBARIAN-NOMADIC SCS

1. Initial period of the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS existence, surrounded by neighbours not internally ready to integrate with it socio-culturally (from ancient times until I century AD)

2. Establishing the buffer zone with Western SCS (I century - late IV century AD)

3. Socio-cultural integration of Barbarian-Nomadic and Western SCS-s. Rise of the renewed Western SCS (late IV century - second half of the VII century AD)

4. Creating the buffer zones between Barbarian-Nomadic SCS and all of its neighbouring SCS-s (from second half of the VII century until late XII century)

5. Socio-cultural integration of Barbarian-Nomadic SCS with all the neighbouring, accessible to it SCS-s. Socio-cultural assimilation of the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS's territory and population into these SCS (late XII century - 1380-s)

6. Rise of the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS residual homeland and population. Conflict of various neighbouring SCS-s for its socio-cultural assimilation, with the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS itself marionette participation in the process (late XIV century - mid XX century)

7. Establishing the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS's residual homeland and population on the borders of Russian and Chinese SCS-s as their external buffer zone (from second half of the XX century and for some future)

MUSLIM SCS

1. Initial sporadic colonisation of the homeland territory in the most ancient civilisations and unknown centres of inhabitancy (XXX - VII centuries BC)

2. Initial spatial defining the Muslim SCS's territory and its early acquisition in the form of Empires. Conflict with Western SCS of its second period for buffer spaces (750-s - 330-s BC)

3. Socio-cultural contest in Muslim SCS. Creating the internal buffer zones on borders with Western SCS. Assimilation of the other socio-cultural systems' population within the Muslim territories (from 330-s BC until early VII century AD)

4. Islam as the product of the socio-cultural contest; unification of the Muslim territories based on Islam. Beginning of the Muslim controlled spaces growth, and establishing the buffer zones between Muslim SCS and all of its neighbouring SCS-s (Western, Barbarian-Nomadic, Hindu and Black African) (early VII century - 1258)

5. Socio-cultural integration with Barbarian-Nomadic SCS. Further growth of the Muslim controlled spaces into the territories of Black African and Hindu SCS-s. Creating the military-political vassals and buffer zones with all the neighbouring SCS-s (1258 - early XVIII century)

6. Conflict for buffer spaces with various SCS-s. Loss of the military-political vassals, and the alien socio-cultural systems' permanent presence in the Muslim homeland. Diffusion of the Muslim communities outside the Muslim homeland (early XVIII century - 1970-s)

7. Liberation of the Muslim homeland and its internal buffer zones from the alien socio-cultural systems' permanent presence. Political-geographical transformation of the Muslim SCS's space based on its own socio-cultural standards. Conflict with other SCS-s for control over the external buffer zones (from 1970-s and for some future)

CHINESE SCS

1. Initial period of the Chinese population existence and Chinese SCS creation (from legendary Hsia Dynasty 1800 - 1500 BC to Eastern Chou Dynasty 770 BC)

2. Socio-cultural contest for creating the most efficient socio-cultural standard for Chinese SCS (from 770 until 221 BC - Eastern Chou Dynasty)

3. Unification of the Chinese SCS's territory based on the chosen socio-cultural standard. Beginning of the homeland growth and establishing the naturally dependent vassals (221 BC - 317 AD)

4. Creating the internal buffer zone on the North, new naturally dependent vassals on the West, and new homeland on the South (317 - 1211 AD)

5. Socio-cultural integration with Barbarian-Nomadic SCS. Creating the internal buffer zones, naturally dependent vassals and homeland growth on the South. Unification of the socio-culturally transformed territories into the united state (from 1211 until 1840-s)

6. Defining the buffer zones' territories through conflict with various SCS-s. Military, political and economic presence of alien socio-cultural systems in the Chinese homeland. Beginning of the Chinese population intensive diffusion around the World (from 1840-s until the Great Cultural Revolution)

7. Creating the integral internal buffer zone and liberation of the Chinese homeland from the alien socio-cultural systems' presence. Establishing the Chinese enclave-communities within Western SCS and the mixed socio-cultural regions (as from the end of the Great Cultural Revolution and for some future)

WESTERN SCS

1. Initial period of the Western population existence and Western SCS creation. Initial sporadic colonisation of the homeland territory in the most ancient civilisations (from ancient times until 770 - 750-s BC)

2. Greek-Roman times. Western homeland growth. Rise of the first Empires and Greek-Roman communities outside the homeland. Establishing the buffer zone with Barbarian-Nomadic SCS (from 770 - 750-s BC until 380-s AD)

3. Socio-cultural integration with Barbarian-Nomadic SCS. Transformation and further expansion of the homeland. Creating internal buffer zones. Defining the new ideological grounds of Western SCS, based on Roman Catholicism (from 380-s AD until the Crusades beginning)

4. Socio-cultural contest in Western SCS. Transformation of the Pyrenees Muslim enclave into internal buffer zone. Creating naturally dependent vassals in the East-European buffer zone. Expansion outside own homeland into the mixed socio-cultural regions (from the Crusades beginning until the discovery of America)

5. Global overseas colonial expansion of Western national states. Growth of the homeland in the mixed socio-cultural regions with Western predominance (1490-s - 1918)

6. Global war against other socio-cultural systems headed by Russian SCS. Losing the control over colonies. Reversion of Western population into own homeland and its redistribution between the mixed socio-cultural regions with Western predominance and traditional Western territories (1918 - 1990-s)

7. Transformation of the European homeland and stimulating further population redistribution between the territories of old homeland and mixed socio-cultural regions with Western predominance. Creating the American and South-Eastern (Asian) internal and external buffer zones (from 1990-s and for some future)

RUSSIAN SCS

1. Initial period of the Slavonic world existence, with undeveloped socio-cultural differences (from ancient times until 882 AD)

2. Period of the socio-cultural differences defining in the Slavonic world. Early accumulation of the Russian SCS territory and population, plus establishing the internal and external buffer zones (from 882 until mid - late XI century)

3. Socio-cultural contest for creating the most efficient socio-cultural standard for Russian SCS. Socio-cultural integration with Barbarian-Nomadic SCS (from late XI century until 1572)

4. Creating the united Russian state, with utmost homeland, based on Moscow socio-cultural standard (from 1572 until 1700)

5. Imperial program of the Russian SCS: creating naturally dependent vassals and further homeland growth; expansion into neighbouring SCS-s as resistance to Western SCS pressure onto these SCS-s (from 1700 until 1917)

6. Communist program of the Russian SCS: defining boundaries of own socio-cultural spaces (especially internal and external buffer zones); leading the global war against Western SCS's expansion outside its homeland (1917 - 1991/93)

7. Nationalist program of the Russian SCS: re-structuring own socio-cultural spaces; maintaining balance of socio-cultural powers in the World (from late XX century and for some future)

HINDU SCS

1. Initial period of the Indian population existence; rise of the ancient Hindu civilisations as a form of sporadic colonisation of the territory. Rise of the Hindu SCS religious, cultural and social foundations (2500-s - 327 BC)

2. First contacts with Muslim SCS. Beginning of the homeland growth and establishing the North-Western buffer zone (327 BC - 711 AD)

3. Muslim SCS's attacks withstanded. Creating the buffer zone on the joints with Muslim SCS (711 - early XIII century)

4. Muslim SCS intervention and establishing the vassal military-political control over the Northern and Central regions of the Hindu homeland. Further evolution of the Hindu homeland (early XIII century - 1658)

5. Military-political control of the Great Britain and co-operation with it to withstand the Muslim SCS's expansion. Adaptation of Western innovations; Hindu population diffusion into other socio-cultural formations as a vassals of British colonists. Creating the internal buffer zones; conflict with Muslim and Chinese SCS-s for control over the external buffer zones (1658 - 1945)

6. Transition to an indirect forms of co-operation with Western SCS in the struggle against Muslim and Chinese SCS-s. Extreme point of the conflict with Muslim SCS for control over buffer zones. Further developing the internal buffer zones; efforts to transform the external buffer zones into naturally dependent vassals (from 1945 and for some future)

7. Prognostic stage: Retention of the indirect forms of co-operation with Western SCS to withstand the Muslim and Chinese SCS-s' expansion. Final stages of creating the internal and external buffer zones. Political-geographical transformation of the Hindu homeland based on its own socio-cultural standards (more distant future)

SOUTH-AMERICAN SCS

1. Initial existence of the South-American population and sporadic colonisation of the territory in form of the most ancient civilisations (from ancient times until late XV century)

2. Socio-cultural integration with Western and Black African SCS-s. Spatial colonisation / assimilation of the territory and creating the renewed basis for South-American SCS (from 1490-s until the 1823 Monroe Doctrine)

3. Establishing the internal buffer zones and re-structuring own territory based on the national states principles. Permanent military-political and economic presence of Western SCS (represented by the USA) (1823 - 1918)

4. Operative involvement of the USA into South-American SCS's rising. Introduction of economic, social and military innovations. Further generating the internal buffer zones. Co-operation of South-American and Russian SCS-s in the struggle against permanent presence of the USA (1918 - 1980-s)

5. Liberation of the South-American SCS homeland from military, economic and political presence of all the alien socio-cultural systems. Creating the buffer zone with Western SCS (in the mixed socio-cultural region with Western predominance in North America). Operative conversion of the submitted Western economic and social innovations (from 1980-s and for some future)

6. Prognostic stage: Socio-cultural contest in South-American SCS and its re-structuring according to the own renewed socio-cultural standards (this period may last for a 100 years and more)

7. Prognostic stage: Further intensive development of the South-American SCS's territory based on its own socio-cultural standards (quite distant future)

BLACK AFRICAN SCS

1. Initial period of the Black African population existence on the territory of its homeland, at the level of clan-tribal organisation (from ancient times until IV century AD)

2. Beginning of the contacts with Muslim SCS, rise of the early States; creating the Northern and Eastern internal buffer zones (IV century - 1490-s)

3. Beginning of the contacts with Western SCS, creating the Western and Southern internal buffer zones. Overseas diffusion of the Black African population and establishing the enclave-communities within alien socio-cultural formations. Participation in the evolution of South-American SCS, of its 2nd period (1490-s - 1880-s)

4. Spatial seizure of Black African SCS by Western SCS. Introduction of the superficial economic, social and military innovations. Co-operation of Black African and Russian SCS-s in the struggle against Western SCS's control over the Black African homeland (1880-s - 1960)

5. Liberation of the Black African SCS homeland from military, economic and political presence of all the alien socio-cultural systems. Operative conversion of the submitted economic and social innovations (from 1960 and for some future)

6. Prognostic stage: Socio-cultural contest in Black African SCS and its re-structuring in accordance with the own renewed socio-cultural standards (this period may last for a 100 years and more)

7. Prognostic stage: Further intensive development of Black African SCS based on its own socio-cultural standards. Establishing connections between the Black African homeland and its overseas enclave-communities (quite distant future)

APPENDIX 4. PERIODS AND SUBPERIODS

OF THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SYSTEMS' EVOLUTION

Barbarian-Nomadic SCS	Muslim SCS	Chinese SCS	Western SCS	Russian SCS	Hindu SCS	South-American SCS	Black African SCS
From ancient times until the Christian era beginning
	1.1. - from XXX century until VII century BC		1.1. - from ancient times until 770 - 750-s BC
	2.1. - from 750-s until 559 BC	1.1. - from 1800 - 1500-s until 770-s BC	2.1. - from 770 - 750-s until 500-s BC
	2.2. - from 559 until 330 BC	2.1. - from 770-s until 403 BC	2.2. - from 500-s until 323 BC
1.1. - from ancient times until I century BC	3.1. - from 330 until 50 - 40-s BC	2.2. - from 403 until 221 BC	2.3. - from 323 until 113 BC		1.1. - from 2500-s until 320-s BC
2.1. - from I century BC until 175 AD	3.2. - from 50 - 40-s BC until 175 AD	3.1. - from 221 BC until 25 AD	2.4. - from 113 BC until 175 AD		2.1. - from 327 BC until 50 AD		1.1. - from ancient times until IV century AD
From the Christian era beginning until VI century
2.2. - from 175 until 375
3.1. - from 375 until early V century	3.3. - from 175 until 380	3.2. from 25 until 317	2.5. - from 175 until 380-s		2.2. - from 50 until 320
3.2. - from early V century until middle of the VI century	3.4. - from 380 until early VII century	4.1. - from 317 until 580-s	3.1. - from 380-s until middle of the VI century		2.3. - from 320 until 711		2.1. - from IV century until IX century
From VI century until X century
3.3. - from the middle of the VI century until second half of the VII century
4.1. - from the second half of the VII century until IX century				1.1. - from ancient times until 882	3.1. - from 711 until 999
4.2. - from IX century until late XII century	4.1. - from early VII century until 750	4.2. - from 580-s until early X century	3.2. - from the middle of the VI century until middle - end of the X century	2.1. - from 882 until 988	3.2. - from 999 until early XIII century		2.2. - from IX century until late XI century
X - XI - XII - XIII centuries
		4.3. - from early X century until 960-s		2.2. - from 988 until 1097
5.1. - from 1180 until 1205	4.2. - from 750-s until late XI century	4.4. - from 960-s until 1211		3.1. - from 1097 until 1169
5.2. - from 1205 until 1270-s	4.3. - from late XI century until 1258	5.1. - from 1211 until 1280-s	4.1. - from the middle - end of the X century until 1291	3.2. - from 1169 until 1237
5.3. - from 1270-s until 1380-s	5.1. - from 1258 until 1360	5.2. - from 1280-s until 1368	4.2. - from 1291 until 1490-s	3.3. - from 1237 until 1380-s	4.1. - from early XIII century until 1340-s		2.3. - from late XI century until 1490-s
XIV - XV centuries
				3.4. - from 1380-s until 1478
6.1. - from 1380 -s until 1570-s	5.2. - from 1360 until 1502	5.3. - from 1368 until 1644	5.1. - from 1490-s until 1660-s	3.5.1 - from 1478 until 1564	4.2. - from 1340-s until 1526	1.1. - from ancient times until 1490-s	3.1. - from 1490-s until 1820-s
XVI - XVII centuries
				3.5.2. - from 1564 until 1572
				4.1.1.- from 1572 until 1598
				4.1.2. - from 1598 until 1640-s
				4.2.1. - from 1640-s until late 1680-s	4.3. - from 1526 until 1658	2.1. - from 1490-s until 1650-s
6.2. - from 1570 -s until late 1650-s	5.3. - from 1502 until early XVIII century	5.4. - from 1644 until late 1760-s	5.2. - from 1660-s until 1760-s	4.2.2. - from late 1680-s until 1700	5.1. - from 1658 until 1763	2.2. - from 1650-s until 1780-s
XVIII century
				5.1.1 - from 1700 until 1756
				5.1.2. - from 1756 until 1772
	6.1. - from early until late XVIII century			5.2.1. - from 1772 until 1795
6.3. - from 1660-s until 1800	6.2. - from late XVIII until 1880-s	5.5. - from late 1760-s until 1840	5.3. - from 1760-s until 1820-s	5.2.2. - from 1795 until 1815	5.2. - from 1763 until 1818	2.3. - from 1780-s until 1820-s
XIX century
			5.4.1. - from 1820-s until late 1850-s	5.3. - from 1815 until late 1850-s
6.4. - from 1801 until 1896			5.4.2. - from late 1850-s until 1892	5.4.1. - from late 1850-s until 1892	5.3. - from 1818 until 1885	3.1. - from 1820-s until 1870-s	3.2 - from 1820-s until 1880-s
6.5. - from 1896 until 1953	6.3. - from 1880-s until late 1940-s	6.1. - from 1840 until 1911	5.5. - from 1892 until 1918	5.4.2. - from 1892 until 1917	5.4. - from 1885 until 1945	3.2. - from 1870-s until 1918	4.1. - from 1880-s until 1940-s
XX century
				6.1.1. - from 1917 until 1924
			6.1. - from 1918 until 1939	6.1.2. - from 1924 until 1939
			6.2.1. - from 1939 until May 1945	6.2.1. - from 1939 until May 1945
		6.2. - from 1911 until 1949	6.2.2. - from May 1945 until late 1980-s	6.2.2. - from May 1945 until late 1980-s		4.1. - from 1918 until 1945	4.2. - from 1940-s until 1960
	6.4. - from late 1940-s until late 1970-s	6.3. - from 1949 until second half of the 1960-s	6.2.3. - from late 1980-s until late 1990-s	6.2.3. - from late 1980-s until late 1990-s	6.1. - from 1945 until 1974	4.2. - from 1945 until 1980-s	5.1. - from 1960 until late 1980-s
7.1. - from 1953 and for some future	7.1. - from late 1970-s and for some future	7.1. - from the second half of the 1960-s and for some future	7.1. - from late 1990-s and for some future	7.1. - from late 1990-s and for some future	6.2. - from 1974 and for some future	5.1. - from 1980-s and for some future	5.2. - from late 1980-s and for sone future
XXI century
Subperiod 7.1. continues	Subperiod 7.1. continues	Subperiod 7.1. continues	Subperiod 7.1. continues	Subperiod 7.1. continues	Subperiod 6.2. continues	Subperiod 5.1. continues	Subperiod 5.2. continues
total number of subperiods in the SCS-s evolution
17	18	18	18	17	15	9	10

GENERAL TABLE OF PERIODS AND SUBPERIODS

IN THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SYSTEMS’ EVOLUTION

PERIODS AND SUBPERIODS	Barbarian-Nomadic SCS	Muslim SCS	Chinese SCS	Western SCS	Russian SCS	Hindu SCS	South-American SCS	Black African SCS	Average number of subperiods within a period
1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
2	2	2	2	5	2	3	3	3	2.75
3	3	4	2	2	5	2	2	2	2.75
4	2	3	4	2	2	3	2	2	2.5
5	3	3	5	5	4	4	unknown for the time being	unknown for the time being	4
6	5	4	3	2	2	unknown for the time being	prognosis	prognosis	3.2
7	unknown for the time being	unknown for the time being	unknown for the time being	unknown for the time being	unknown for the time being	Prognosis	prognosis	prognosis	unknown for the time being
Number of completed subperiods in the SCS’ evolution	17	18	18	18	17	15	9	10	Total 122
Number of completed subperiods by the time when 7.1. begins	17	18	18	18	17	Prognosis 17 - 18	Prognosis 17 - 18	Prognosis 17 - 18	Prognosis 139 - 142

APPENDIX 5. GENERAL MODEL OF THE PROCESS OF SPACE ASSIMILATION WITHIN SCS

THE LEGEND

Examined socio-cultural system

Other (six) socio-cultural systems that are not analyzed in detail in this model, but follow the similar path in a process of creating their own spaces (only Barbarian-Nomadic SCS represents an exception)

Stable enclaves within boundary areas (on the joints of SCS with external buffer zone)

Demarcating socio-cultural formations of an enclave type

within internal buffer zone

SCS's homeland

SCS's internal buffer zone

SCS's boundary areas during its expansion

Directions of the socio-cultural colonization / assimilation and space control expansion

# 2

Appendix 7.

Process of the socio-cultural assimilation of Crimea:

Atlas of space-time models (kartoids)

The Legend
Mountainous areas

Rivers

CRIMEA AS MIXED SOCIO-CULTURAL REGION

Combination of Barbarian-Nomadic SCS in the inland regions and Western SCS in the coastal regions

Domination of Muslim SCS represented by Crimean Khanate as vassal of the Ottoman Empire

Domination of Russian SCS

Crimea as socio-cultural enclave of Russian SCS

ASIA MINOR AS EXTERNAL SOCIO-CULTURAL BUFFER ZONE

Asia Minor as external buffer zone at the early stages of its evolution

Asia Minor as external buffer zone under control of Western SCS at times of Roman Empire

Asia Minor as external buffer zone under control of Western SCS

Asia Minor as external buffer zone under control of Muslim SCS

CRIMEAN SEA-COASTS

Crimean sea-coasts under control of Western SCS

Crimean sea-coasts under control of Byzantine Empire

Crimean sea-coasts under control of Muslim SCS

Crimean sea-coasts under control of Russian SCS

Crimean sea-coasts under control of Barbarian-Nomadic SCS

CRIMEAN CITIES

Greek ports-enclaves on the Black Sea coasts

Ports-enclaves under control of Byzantine Empire

Ports under control of Muslim SCS

Ports under control of Russian SCS

Crimean cities & towns established under the Russian rule

Crimean cities & towns demonstrated special qualities during wars

FLOWS OF COLONIZATION, MUTUAL SOCIO-CULTURAL LINKS AND WARS

Connections / links within Barbarian-Nomadic SCS

Migrations within Barbarian-Nomadic SCS at times of its integration with Western or Russian SCS-s

Flows of Western colonization

Mutual links / connections of Western cities-enclaves with their homeland

Mutual links of cities-enclaves in Crimea with Asia Minor as external buffer zone

Directions of diffusion and socio-cultural "processing" / transformations of the territories of and by the Russian SCS

Military conflicts between Polish-Lithuanian state and Crimean Khanate

Military-political domination of the Ottoman Empire in the Black Sea basin and neighboring regions

Actions of the Crimean Khanate as a relic form of State against its Northern neighbors

Military / war actions

Destruction in Crimea caused by wars

Economic destruction of Crimea

STATES & CONDITIONS OF BARBARIAN-NOMADIC SCS

Barbarian-Nomadic SCS during processes of assimilation

Areas of the Barbarian-Nomadic SCS dissemination

Areas of the Crimean Khanate's spatial control

MIGRATIONS

Migrations of Russian population from the homeland of Russian SCS

Migrations of German colonists from Western SCS

Emigrations from and return to Crimea of Turkic population

"Mixing " the population as a result of wars

"Mixing " the population as a result of civil war of 1918/21

Establishing economic and socio-cultural links / connections with Russian SCS

NUMERICAL SYMBOLS: THE MOST IMPORTANT RIVERS

1 – Danube

2 – Dnieper

3 – Don

4 - Kuban

APPENDIX 9.

Comparative analysis

of the European and Asia Minor external buffer zones' evolution

We've performed comparative analysis of the European and Asia Minor external buffer zones' evolution. The result of the analysis - atlas of the computer generated space-time models (kartoids) that reflects the logic of this space evolution. Geopolitical problems of the region and its conflicts appear as particular consequences of the general evolution. Suggested system of the computer generated space-time models creates a principally new foundation for further geopolitical processes' forecasting / prognosis.

The atlas is now available on http://www.geography.net.ru. It is not unfortunately possible to reproduce it here due to its really big volume. More information on atlas / CD may be found on http://www.ccssu.crimea.ua/homes/emp/ndv/

The atlas serves as a foundation for forecasting geopolitical processes in the entire European external buffer zone. It also reflects and correctly explains the processes in the Balkans, the essence and state of the current crisis there. We insist that these processes don't possess chaotic geopolitical character, but are consequences of the regular evolution of the region.

Some results of such analysis are presented in the papers of my colleague - Tatiana Nikolaenko.

Here is just the periodization for all the European external buffer zone's socio-cultural regions and Asia Minor.

Asia Minor as external buffer zone. General description

Subperiod N 1.

As from ancient times up to VIII century BC.

Subperiod N 2.

From VIII century BC until 327 BC.

Subperiod N 3.

From 327 until 180-s BC.

Subperiod N 4.

From 180-s BC until 110 AD.

Subperiod N 5.

From 110 until 380 AD.

Subperiod N 6.

From 380 until 610.

Subperiod N 7.

From 610 until 870-s.

Subperiod N 8.

From 870-s until early XI century.

Subperiod N 9.

From early XI century until late XIII century.

Subperiod N 10.

From second half of the XIII century until 1453.

Subperiod N 11.

From 1453 until 1680-s.

Subperiod N 12.

From 1680-s until 1770-s.

Subperiod N 13.

From 1770-s until 1856.

Subperiod N 14.

From 1856 until 1908.

Subperiod N 15.

From 1908 until 1980-s.

Subperiod N 16.

From late 1980-s and for some future.

Subperiod N 17.

Prognosis: more distant future

European external buffer zone. General analysis

Subperiod 1.

As from ancient times up until 113 BC

Subperiod 2.

From 113 BC until 110 AD

Subperiod 3.

From 110 until 380

Subperiod 4.

From 380-s until mid VI century

Subperiod 5.

From mid VI century until mid VIII century

Subperiod 6.

From mid VIII century until late X century

Subperiod 7.

From late X century until 1241

Subperiod 8.

From 1241 until 1380

Subperiod 9.

From 1380 until 1570-s

Subperiod 10.

From 1570-s until 1700

Subperiod 11.

From 1700 until 1772

Subperiod 12.

From 1772 until 1831

Subperiod 13.

From 1832 until 1870

Subperiod 14.

From 1871 until 1917

Subperiod 15.

From 1917 until 1945

Subperiod 16.

From 1945 until late 1980-s

Subperiod 17.

From late 1980-s and for some future

Cycle 5. Subperiods 18 - 19 - 20. Prognosis

Finnish region

Stage 1-1.

As from ancient times up until early IX century

Stage 1-2.

From early IX century until early XIII century

Stage 2-1.

From early XIII century until late XVI century

Stage 2-2.

From late XVI century until late XVII century

Stage 2-3.

From late XVII century until 1721

Subperiod N 3.

From 1721 until early XIX century

Subperiod N 4.

From early XIX century until 1917

Stage 5-1.

From 1917 until 1920

Stage 5-2.

From 1920 until 1939

Stage 5-3.

From 1939 until 1945

Stage 5-4.

From 1945 until 1991

Subperiod N 6.

From 1991 and for some future

Norwegian - Swedish - Danish region

Subperiod N 1.

As from ancient times up until late VIII century AD

Subperiod N 2.

From late VIII century until early XI century

Subperiod N 3.

From early XI century until early - mid XIII century

Subperiod N 4.

From early - mid XIII century until 1471

Subperiod N 5.

From 1471 until late XVII century

Subperiod N 6.

From late XVII century until early XIX century

Subperiod N 7.

From early XIX century until early XX century

Stage 8-1.

From early XX century until 1920

Stage 8-2.

From 1920 until 1939

Stage 8-3.

From 1939 until 1945

Stage 8-4.

From 1945 until 1991

Subperiod N 9.

From late XX century and for some future

Latvian - Estonian region

Stage 1-1.

As from ancient times up until early VIII century AD

Stage 1-2.

From early VIII century until early XIII century

Stage 2-1.

From early XIII century until 1370

Stage 2-2.

From 1370 until 1570-s

Stage 3-1.

From 1570-s until 1580-s

Stage 3-2.

From 1580-s until 1700

Stage 3-3.

From 1700 until 1721

Subperiod N 4.

From 1721 until 1914

Stage 5-1.

From 1914 until 1920

Stage 5-2.

From 1920 until 1939

Stage 5-3.

From 1939 until 1945

Stage 5-4.

From 1945 until 1991

Subperiod N 6.

From 1991 and for some future

Lithuanian region

Stage 1-1.

As from ancient times up until early VIII century AD

Stage 1-2.

From early VIII century until early XI century

Stage 1-3.

From early XI century until mid XIII century

Subperiod N 2.

From mid XIII century until 1386

Subperiod N 3.

From 1386 until 1462

Stage 4-1.

From 1462 until 1569

Stage 4-2.

From 1569 until 1650-s

Stage 4-3.

From 1650-s until 1795

Stage 5-1.

From 1795 until 1831

Stage 5-2.

From 1831 until 1861

Stage 5-3.

From 1861 until 1914

Stage 5-4.

From 1914 until 1920

Stage 6-1.

From 1920 until 1939

Stage 6-2.

From 1939 until 1945

Stage 6-3.

From 1945 until 1991

Stage 7-1.

From 1991 and for some future

Polish region

Subperiod N 1.

As from ancient times up until VIII century AD

Subperiod N 2.

From VIII century until 966

Subperiod N 3.

From 966 until 1241

Subperiod N 4.

From 1241 until 1386

Subperiod N 5.

From 1386 until 1570-s

Subperiod N 6.

From 1570-s until 1667

Subperiod N 7.

From 1667 until 1772

Subperiod N 8.

From 1772 until 1831

Subperiod N 9.

From 1831 until 1918

Stage 9-1.

From 1831 until 1861

Stage 9-2.

From 1861 until 1914

Stage 9-3.

From 1914 until 1918

Subperiod N 10.

From 1918 until 1980-s

Stage 10-1.

From 1918 until 1921

Stage 10-2.

From 1921 until 1939

Stage 10-3.

From 1939 until 1945

Stage 10-4.

From 1945 until 1980-s

Subperiod N 11.

From 1980-s and for some future

Czech-Slovakian region

Subperiod N 1.

As from ancient times up until VIII century AD

Subperiod N 2.

From VIII century until late X century

Subperiod N 3.

From late X century until 1241

Subperiod N 4.

From 1241 until 1380-s

Subperiod N 5.

From 1380-s until 1485

Subperiod N 6.

From 1485 until 1648

Subperiod N 7.

From 1648 until 1848

Subperiod N 8.

From 1848 until 1914

Stage 9-1.

From 1914 until 1919

Stage 9-2.

From 1919 until 1938

Stage 9-3.

From 1938 until 1945

Stage 9-4.

From 1945 until 1968

Stage 9-5.

From 1968 until 1980-s

Subperiod N 10.

From 1980-s and for some future

Hungarian region

Stage 1-1.

As from ancient times up until mid VI century AD

Stage 1-2.

From mid VI century until late VIII century

Subperiod N 2.

From late VIII century until early XI century

Subperiod N 3.

From early XI century until 1241

Subperiod N 4.

From 1241 until 1380-s

Subperiod N 5.

From 1380-s until 1541

Subperiod N 6.

From 1541 until late XVII century

Subperiod N 7.

From late XVII century until late XVIII century

Subperiod N 8.

From late XVIII century until 1830

Subperiod N 9.

From 1830 until 1917

Stage 9-2.

From 1848 until 1867

Stage 9-3.

From 1867 until 1914

Stage 9-4.

From 1914 until 1918

Subperiod N 10.

From 1918 until late 1980-s

Stage 10-1.

From 1918 until 1920

Stage 10-2.

From 1920 until 1939

Stage 10-3.

From 1939 until 1945

Stage 10-4.

From 1945 until 1980-s

Subperiod N 11.

From late 1980-s and for some future

Romanian - Bulgarian - Moldavian region

Subperiod N 1.

As from ancient times up until AD

Subperiod N 2.

AD until 370-s

Subperiod N 3.

From 370-s until late VII century

Subperiod N 4.

From late VII century until late X century

Subperiod N 5.

From late X century until late XIV century

Subperiod N 6.

From late XIV century until 1480-s

Subperiod N 7.

From 1480-s until 1774

Subperiod N 8.

From mid 1770-s until 1878

Subperiod N 9.

From 1878 until early XX century

Stage 10-1.

From 1908 until 1914

Stage 10-2.

From 1914 until 1918

Stage 10-3.

From 1918 until 1940

Stage 10-4.

From 1940 until 1945

Stage 10-5.

From 1945 until late 1980-s

Subperiod N 11.

From late 1980-s and for some future

Balkan region

Subperiod N 1.

As from ancient times up until mid II century BC

Subperiod N 2.

From II century BC until 370-s AD

Subperiod N 3.

From 370-s until early IX century

Subperiod N 4.

From early IX century until late XII century

Subperiod N 5.

From late XII century until late XIV century

Subperiod N 6.

From late XIV century until late XVII century

Subperiod N 7.

From late XVII century until 1870-s

Subperiod N 8.

From 1870-s until early XX century

Stage 9-1.

From 1908 until 1913

Stage 9-2.

From 1914 until 1918

Stage 9-3.

From 1918 until 1939

Stage 9-4.

From 1939 until 1945

Stage 9-5.

From 1945 until 1980-s

Subperiod N 10. From late 1980-s and for some future

3. One of the most essential points here is existence of clear correlation in evolution of the European external buffer zone and Asia Minor as external buffer zone. No detailed description of all these correlations here - only combined general tables.

CHRONOLOGY OF EVOLUTION:

EUROPEAN EXTERNAL BUFFER ZONE

Cycle	Subperiod	Dates	Duration of a subperiod (years)	Average duration of subperiods within a cycle (years)	Duration of a cycle (years)
Cycle #1	1 (1.1)	From ancient times until 113 BC	Indefinite	Around 218 years (without 1st subperiod)	As far as it's known, around 650 years
	2 (1.2)	From 113 BC until 110 AD	223
	3 (1.3)	From 110 until 380-s	270
	4 (1.4)	From 380-s until mid VI century	Around 160
Cycle #2	5 (2.1)	From mid VI century until mid VIII century	200	Around 207 years	Around 830 years
	6 (2.2)	From mid VIII century until late X century	230
	7 (2.3)	From late X century until 1241	260
	8 (2.4)	From 1241 until 1380	139
Cycle #3	9 (3.1)	From 1380 until 1570-s	190	Around 113 years	Around 450 years
	10 (3.2)	From 1570-s until 1700	130
	11 (3.3)	From 1700 until 1772	72
	12 (3.4)	From 1772 until 1831	59
Cycle #4	13 (4.1)	From 1832 until 1870	38	Around 39 years	Around 156 years
	14 (4.2)	From 1871 until 1917	46
	15 (4.3)	From 1917 until 1945	28
	16 (4.4)	From 1945 until late 1980-s	44
Cycle #5	17 (5.1)	Is still going on currently	-	Current cycle	Current cycle
	18 19 20	Prognosis	-
Described duration of the buffer zone evolution - around 2100 years

CHRONOLOGY OF EVOLUTION:

ASIA MINOR AS EXTERNAL BUFFER ZONE

Cycle	Subperiod	Dates	Duration of a subperiod (years)	Average duration of subperiods within a cycle (years)	Duration of a cycle (years)
Cycle #1	1 (1.1)	From ancient times until VIII century BC	Indefinite	Around 303 years (without 1st subperiod)	As far as it's known, around 910 year
	2 (1.2)	From VIII century BC until 327 BC	473
	3 (1.3)	From 327 until 180 BC	147
	4 (1.4)	From 180 BC until 110 AD	290
Cycle #2	5 (2.1)	From 110 AD until 380	270	Around 228 years	Around 910 years
	6 (2.2)	From 380 until 610	230
	7 (2.3)	From 610 until 870-s	260
	8 (2.4)	From 870-s until early XI century	Around 150
Cycle #3	9 (3.1)	From early XI century until late XIII century	260	Around 187 years	Around 750 years
	10 (3.2)	From late XIII century until 1453	Around 170
	11 (3.3)	From 1453 until 1680-s	227
	12 (3.4)	From 1680-s until 1770-s	Around 90
Cycle #4	13 (4.1)	From 1770-s until 1856	86	Current cycle. As per three completed subperiods - 70 years	Current cycle. As per three completed subperiods - around 210 years
	14 (4.2)	From 1856 until 1908	52
	15 (4.3)	From 1908 until 1980-s	72
	16 (4.4)	From 1980-s and for some future - is still going on currently	-
Cycle #5	17 (5.1) 18 (5.2) 19 (5.3) 20 (5.4)	Prognosis	-	-	-
Described duration of the buffer zone evolution - around 2800 years