Labels showing situations in which words are used, denoting words which would only be suitable in certain types of situation. infml fml sl

3. Labels showing situations in which words are used, denoting words which would only be suitable in certain types of situation. infml fml sl.

These labels deal with common literary vocabulary & common colloquial vocabulary, & with a particular group of words which is considered to be slang & which is difficult to juxtapose with any layer of the English Language because of the uncertain definition of the term slang , LDELC suggests the following definition:

SLANG - very informal, rarely used in writing , used especially in the private language of particular social groups.

Though we may consider slang as a layer of nonstandard (special colloquial vocabulary - non-literary) close to jargonisms & vulgarisms, professionalisms. Judging by Galperin's point of view this type is typical more of the English Language.

Labels showing time, denoting words which are no longer used in modem English (though they will be found in old books) & some of the words beginning to be used less often.

old-fash - no longer common , used mainly by older people

old use — no longer u sed

rare or becoming rare — rarely used, or beginning to be used less often . This group of labels serve special literary vocabulary (mainly archaic)

5 . Labels showing attitude

apprec. - shows that the speaker likes or approves of something

derog — derogatory — shows that the speaker dislikes or disapproves of something

euph - euphemistic - a polite or indirect word for something unpleasant or embarrassing

humor — shows a joking or ironic attitude

pomp - shows a foolishy self-important attitude

These labels mainly serve to identify positive or negative connotation of the word, that is why we may suppose that all these labels can be found both in common literary & common colloquial vocabularies, as well as in the group of nonstandard words.

6. Labels showing limitations on use

dial — a word belonging to the local speech of a particular area

nonstandard — a word regarded as incorrect by most educated speakers

taboo — a very offensive word which should always be avoided

tdmk - a trademark, whose use is officially controlled

These labels serve mainly special colloquial vocabulary the label nonstandard differs from the notion that the layer nonstandard has, because both dial and taboo belong to nonstandard, though from the other hand, from the educated point of view of the words with labels taboo & dial. may be regarded as incorrect. The label tdmk may be treated as a special term & thus may belong to common literary vocabulary. As the analyses shows the classification of the labels accepted in this dictionary is not exact and needs more consideration, though the labels themselves are quite suitable to show stytistical characterization & stylistical overtones.The variety of labels used in LDELC we shall consider farther in the third part.

OALED suggests a bit different grouping of the stylistic notations (Appendix II)

1. Currency, labels denoting words which are not used or used by some older speaker s & some words that are found mainly in books written in the first half of thi s century: dated archaic.

Brit US Scot S.African Austr NZ

Here belongs dial - the label that refers to words & meanings that are restricted to particular regions of the British Isles not including Scotland & Ireland. So this very dictionary uses the label dial mainly as territorial characteristic of British Isles, though still belonging to special colloquial vocabulary.

3. Register, labels denoting words which must be used with particular care because they reflect a special relatioship between the speakers or a special occasion or setting (which could vary from an official ceremony to a relaxed meeting between friends)

! - denotes words or meanings likely to be thought offencive or shocking or indecert. (though not necessarily by eveyone or on every occasion)

In LDELC they use the label

taboo to denote such a group of words to show limitations on use.

sl -this label denotes a group of words inventive & often colourful items generally used in a very informal spoken context. Such an item usually belongs to or originate in the language of a particular social or occupation group (e.g. soldiers, nurses, prisoner s).

In LDELC this label has practically the same meaning but is found in the other group of labels which deals with the situations and often this label is used with the label taboo infml - denotes informal words & meanings, i.e. those indicating a close personal relationship & an unofficial occasion or getting

fml - denotes formal words & meanings , i.e. those chosen when speaking or writing in a serious or an official context to someone who is not a close friend or relation. These labels are grouped together with the label sl in LDELC.

rhet - rhetorical items are associated with writing or speech on seri ous or elevated themes, especially on very formal occasions. the use of such words elsewhere suggests a self-consciously pompous speaker or writer.

There is no such a label in LDELC, but this very label juxtapose with the label rhet in LERD & ERD. Thus we may infer that this group of labels denote the words belonging to practically all the layers of the word-stock of the English Language.(Appendix IV,VI).