ТИ связан с названием навигационных сооружений на воде: buoy

4. ТИ связан с названием навигационных сооружений на воде: buoy

“ to go round the buoy ” – “ попросить еще одну порцию блюда за столом”

5. ТИ связан с берегом и береговыми сооружениями для швартовки: port, berth, stocks, cost, land, ground, beach.

“ to fall into a good berth” – “ найти хорошо оплачиваемую работу ”

“a shug berth” – “ личная жизнь”

“to come to port ” – “найти убежище”

“on the beach ” – “ в тяжелом положении ”

“ She blamed me becouse I couldn’t get a job. Said I liked bein on the beach. ”(S. Maugham, “ The Narrow Corner”)

“ how the land lies” – “ как обстоят дела”

“ Don’t try to see me at once. I want to you, but I want to find out how the land lies and I want you to find out too. ”(T. Dreizer, “The Financier”, ch. L)

“ see land ” – “ быть у цели”

“Stephan worked the next day and the next, uncheered by a word from anyone, and shunned in all his comings and goings, as before at the end of the second day he saw land: at the end of third, his loom stood empty. ”(Ch. Dickens, “Hard Time”, book П, ch. V1)

Данная группа характеризуется полностью переосмысленным значением. Переосмысление денотативного значения происходит на основе тематического индикатора в результате семантических процессов метафоризации и метонимии.

6. а) ТИ связан с понятием “ море, вода, волны ”: bottom, breaker, flood, ebb, flow, tide, sea, water, wave

“ to see breakers ahead ” – “ видеть впереди опасность”

“ at the flood ” – “ в наиболее благоприятный момент”

“ ebb and flow ” – “ превратности судьбы”

“ half seas over ” – “ под мухой”, “под хмельком”, ~”море по колено”

“ tidal wave” – “ взрыв общественных чувств, волна увлечения”

“ Everybody believed that this eventuolly was going to be a strong national organization, but many feared the breakers which were ahead. ”(W.P.Bois, “Honsart Builds a school”, ch.1V)

“His changes of mood did not offend me, because I saw that I had nothing to do with their alteration: the ebb and flow depended on causes quite disconnected with me.” (Ch. Bronte, “ Jane Eyre”, ch.Х1V)

“ By the time everybody was half-seas over, the holy community was in good shape to make in night of it, so we stayed by the board and put it throught a that time. ”(M.Twain, “A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court”, ch.22)

Этой группе характерно полное переосмысление компонентов и эмоционально-экспрессивная коннотация.

б) ТИ связан с понятием “погода, ветер”: weather, wind, storm, sun

“ to wether the storm” – “ преодалевать препятствия”

“ to sail against wind ” – “ бороться с трудностями”

“ sail close to the wind ” – “быть на шаг от нарушения закона”

“ How beatiful is the love that has weathered the storm of life.”(J.Jerom, Three men in a boat (to say nothing of a dog)”)

“ He realized that … he was sailing rather close to the wind financially.”(Th.Dreiser, “The financier”, ch. LXX1)

в) ТИ связан с обозначением препятствий в море: rock, doldrums

“on the rock” – “ в тяжелом положении”, ~ “на мели”

“to see rocks ahead ” = “ to see breakers ahead”

“ in the doldrums ” – “ в состоянии упадка”

“ It was confusing to Dick Boylan to hear that Pat Collins’s business was on the rocks. Wit Hofman did not let his friends business to do on the rocks. And then Boylan understood it all.”(O’Hara, “The O’Hara Generation”)

7. a) ТИ связан с обозначением движения корабля как физического состояния: sail, sailing, passage, way

“ easy sail” = “ plain sailing” – “простое и легкое дело”

“ to freshen the way” – “пойти быстрее”

“ to get under way” – “отправляться в дорогу”

“ haul in one’s sails” – “ сократить потребности”

“ When MacGregory did return the cooking was under way.”(J.Aldridge, “The Sea Eagle”)

“ The whole thing is that while they’ve got money they blue it and when they haven’t they can’t haul in their sails.” (N.Marsh,”Surfeit of Lampreys”,

ch. XII)

“ “Yes”, said Kemp, ”that is plan sailing. Any schoolboy nowdays knows all that. (H.G. Wells, “The Invisible Man”, ch. 19)

б) ТИ связан с обозначением состояния корабля как результата воздействия окружающей среды: aback, adrift, atloat, aloof, shipwreck.

“to be taken aback” – “быть в недоумении”

“to be adrift” – “быть сбитым с толку”

“to make shipwreck of smth.” – “уничтожать, разрушать”

“He gave him a five-pound note. Albert flushed. He was taken aback.” (S.Maugham, “Collected Short Stories”, v.1)

“I had scarcely settled dawn to the new way of life before a flesh blow tell upon me, a malady which made shipwreck of all my new-born earthly hopes and dreams, and dismal failure of my after life.” (W. Hudson, K.D.)

“I am afraid I can’t help you. I am all adrift when it comes to motor-cars.”

в) ТИ связан с процессом движения корабля как результатом деятельности на борту: course, headway, tow, tack, bearings, bound, wake.

“to steer the middle course” – “продвигаться вперёд”

“to make headway” – “вести за собой”

“to be on a right tack” – “находиться на определённом пути”

Для данных МФ характерны общие семантические черты, передающие процесс движения в различных проявлениях.

“He mused, tapping his teeth with an empty pipe. Then he went off on another tack. “Now I remember, there was even some talk about her and the auful child.”” (N. Monsarrat, “The Nylon Pirates”)

“If a girl is going to make any headway in life, she’s got to have a nice friendly personality and the kind of looks that stir up a man’s interest.” (E.Coldwell, K.D.)

“…yet was he nervous, fidgety, strangely distrustful of his powers to steer just the right course.” (J. Galsworthy, “In Chancary”, part I, ch. X)

c) ТИ связан с местоположением корабля в море: hail, ofting, lee, leeway, windward.

“out of hail” – “вдали”

“in the ofting” – “в скором будущем”

“to get to the windward of” – “иметь преимущество”

“…when he drew within hail of the gate, forth rushed the tollman’s children, shricken in tiny chorus, “Mr. Pinch”!. (Ch. Dickens, “Martin Churrlewit)

“Here was Aileen taking Bravely of the necessity of her frank finding a woman sutable to his needs, tastes, abilities, but now that the possibility of another woman equally or possibly better suited to him was looking in the ofting, she could not reason in same way” (th. Dreiser, “The Titan”, ch. XVII)

“If I happen to have got to windward of the young woman, why, so much the better for me. (H. P. Haggard, “ Mr. Meeson’s Will, ch. VI)

d) ТИ связан с названиями действий и процессов на корабле, производимых экипажем: comission, shipshape, look-out, slip и др.

“out of comission” – “в неисправности”

“to give smb. the ship” – “убежать, удрать от кого-либо”

“to make shipshape” – “навести порядок”

“When he had finished dinner he would put the stuff away, stack it neatly, get everything shipshape, handly-like.” (D. Du Maurrier, “The Birds and other Stories”)

“Her sewing-machine hasbeen out of comission for several days.”