Vermont avenue, N.W. washington, D.C. 20571

811 vermont avenue, N.W. washington, D.C. 20571

аспирантура (канд. экз.)

Экзаменационный билет (на 2 листах) по дисциплине

английский язык

(специальность: социология управления)

Task I. Translate from English into Russian in writing using a dictionary. Your time is 45 minutes

Perhaps the most prominent single element in modern scienti­fic management is the task idea. The work of every workman is fully planned out by the management at least one day in advance, and each man receives in most cases complete written instructions, descri­bing in detail the task which he is to accomplish, as well as the means to be used in doing the work. And the work planned in advance in this way constitutes a task which is to be solved, as explained above, not by the workman alone, but in almost all cases by the joint effort of the workman and the management. This task specifies not only what is to be done but how it is to be done and the exact time allowed for doing it. And whenever the workman succeeds in doing his task right, and within the time limit specified, he recei­ves an addition of from 30 per cent to 100 per cent to his огdinary wages. These tasks are carefully planned, so that both good and careful work are called for in their performance, but it should be distinctly understood that in no case is the workman called upon to work at a place which would be injurious to his health. The task is always so regulated that the man who is well suited to his job will thrive while working at this rate during a long term of years and grow happier and more prosperous, instead of being overworked. Scientific management consists very largely in preparing for and carrying out these tasks.

It cannot be denied, however, that the price for rapid industrial development is very high: natural resources are exhausted, the ecological balance of the planet is disturbed, some species of flora and fauna disappear. Progress can be blamed for all these environmental problems.

To preserve Nature and keep the air and water clean, strict control is necessary. In Russia numerous purifying systems for treatment of industrial wastes have been installed; measures have been taken to protect rivers and seas from oil wastes. Wildlife reservations, models of undisturbed nature, have developed all over the country.

Task II. Translate the letter from English into Russian without a dictionary. Your time is 5-7 minutes

athens travel service

2-4 Alopekis sir., 10675 Alhens

Tel: 00301-33 3 5254*Fax:00301-333 5256

Date: 07/08/00

To: Mr A.Egorov

From: C.Vakali

Ref: Eommex group 20/8-03/9/00

With reference to the above group, we would like to inform you with the following.

SCHEDULE

OA 352 20/8 Moscow-Athens 1450-1725

OA 351 03/9 Athens-Moscow 0930-1355

You are kindly requested not to issue tickets for those not travelling. All issued unused tickets must be delivered to our representative at the airport otherwise you will be charged. Upon your arrival at the Athens airport you will be met bv our representative, holding a sign:

EOMMEX

ATHENS TRAVEL SERVICE

We would like to know which person will be in charge as head of the group during their stay in Greece.

The group will stay at the Training Center of the National Bank.

аспирантура (канд. экз.)

Экзаменационный билет (на 2 листах) по дисциплине

английский язык

(специальность: социология управления)

Task I. Translate from English into Russian in writing using a dictionary. Your time is 45 minutes

Perhaps the most important law belonging to this class, in its relation to scientific management, is the effect which the task idea has upon the efficiency of the workman. This, in fact, has become such an important element of the mechanism of scientific management, that by a great number of people scientific management has come to be known as "task management".

There is absolutely nothing new in the task idea. Each one of us will remember that in his own case this idea was applied with good results in his school-boy days. No efficient teacher would think of giving a class of students an indefinite lesson to learn.

Each day a definite, clear-cut task is set by the teacher before each scholar, stating that he must learn just so much of the sub­ject; and it is only by this means that proper, systematic progress can be made by the students. The average boy would go very slowly if, instead of being given a task, he were told to do as much as he could. All of us are grown-up children, and it is equally true that the average workman will work with the greatest satisfaction, both to himself and to his employer, when he is given each day a definite task which he is to perform in a given time, and which constitutes a proper day's work for a good workman. This furnishes the workman with a clear-cut standard, by which he can throughout the day mea­sure his own progress, and the accomplishment of which affords him the greatest satisfaction.

What Is a Manager?

A number of different terms are used for «manager», including «director», «administrator» and «president». The term «manager» is used more frequently in profit-making organizations, while the others are used more widely in government and non-profit orga­nizations such as universities, hospitals and social work agencies.

What, then, is a manager?

When used collectively, the term "management" refers to those people who are responsible for making and carrying out de­cisions within the system.

An individual manager is a person who directly supervises people in an organization.

Task II. Translate the letter from English into Russian without a dictionary. Your time is 5-7 minutes

February 25, 2000

Mr. Alexander Ivanov

President

MICEX

Moscow

RUSSIA

Dear Mr. Zakharov:

Please find enclosed the proposed Joint Statement on Technical Assistance which I received yesterday from the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC").

We understand that your office will undertake to forward this document to Chairman Parkov.

If the Russian finds the proposal acceptable, we should notify Ms. Corcoran of that fact.

We look forward to your future communications on this matter. Best regards.

Sincerely yours,

Jeffrey A. Burt

аспирантура (канд. экз.)

Экзаменационный билет (на 2 листах) по дисциплине

английский язык

(специальность: социология управления)

Task I. Translate from English into Russian in writing using a dictionary. Your time is 45 minutes

No workman has the authority to make other men cooperate with him to do faster work. It is only through enforced standardization of methods, enforced adoption of the best implements and wor­king conditions, and enforced cooperation that this faster work can be assured. And the duty of enforcing the adoption of standards and of enforcing this cooperation rests with the management alone. The management must supply continually one or more teachers to show each new man the new and simpler motions, and the slower men must be con­stantly watched and helped until they have risen to their proper speed. All of those who, after proper teaching, either will not or cannot work in accordance with the new methods and at the higher speed must be discharged by the management. The management must also recognize the broad fact that workmen will not submit to this more rigid standardization and will not work extra hard, unless they re­ceive extra pay for doing it.

The science which exists in most of the mechanic arts is, how­ever, far simpler than the science of cutting metals. In almost all cases, in fact, the laws or rules which are developed are so simple that the average man would hardly dignify them with the name of a science.

In problems of market selection and product planning one of the key concepts is that of the Product Life Cycle. That products pass through various stages between life and death (introduction - growth - maturity - decline) is hard to deny. Equally accepted is the understanding that a company should have a mix of products with representation in each of these stages. Companies can make far more effective marketing decisions if they take time to find out where each of their products stands in its life cycle.

However, the concept of the product life cycle seems frequently forgotten in marketing planning, which leads to wrong decision-making. This may well be seen in the following story.

Task II. Translate the letter from English into Russian without a dictionary. Your time is 5-7 minutes

H.E.

Mr. Gennady Bogachev

Deputy Director

Dear Mr. Bogachev,

I want to thank you for your participation in the Political and Economic Leaders Summit of 7-8 February, in Thessaloniki, in the frame of ASIA FORUM 2000.

You will soon receive a short report with the conclusions. We proceed also to the publication of the Proceedings.

We have started the preparations for the Business Meeting and Exhibition of 23-28 May. We hope to have your support in motivating enterprises and businessmen to participate in the event.

We shall ask your active involvement in the May event very soon.

Thanking you once again, I remain

Sincerely yours

аспирантура (канд. экз.)

Экзаменационный билет (на 2 листах) по дисциплине

английский язык

(специальность: социология управления)

Task I. Translate from English into Russian in writing using a dictionary. Your time is 45 minutes

Managers tend to be problem oriented. Managers need a great de­al of knowledge. Yet managers are really people of action. They don't just talk about doing things, they get them done. So we now outline just what they do. Management books usually concentrate on management functions and processes. In fact, the subject of manage­ment frequently is defined in terms of the types of things managers do.

1. Managers make decisions, that is they develop a process by which a course of action is consciously chosen from available alternatives for the purpose of achieving a desired result.

2. Managers focus on objectives, set objectives.

3. Managers plan and set or make policies.

4. Managers organize and staff the positions, that is, they use a process by which the structure and allocation of jobs is determi­ned and then place people in these jobs.

5. Managers communicate with subordinates, colleagues, and superiors, in other words, managers transmit ideas to others for the purpose of effecting a desired result.

6. Managers direct and supervise, that is, they secure actual performance from subordinates toward common goals and objectives.

7. Managers control activities, that is, they utilize processes that measure actual performance and guide it toward some predetermi­ned goal.

Marketing management refers to a broad concept covering organization of production and sales of products, which is based on consumer - requirements research. All companies must look beyond their present situation and develop a long-term strategy to meet changing conditions in their industry. Marketing manage­ment, therefore, consists of evaluating market opportunities, se­lecting markets, developing market strategies, planning marketing tactics and controlling marketing results.

Strategic planning includes defining the company's long-term as well as specific objectives, such as sales volume, market share, profitability and innovation, and deciding on financial, material and other resources necessary to achieve those objectives.

Task II. Translate the letter from English into Russian without a dictionary. Your time is 5-7 minutes

Der President 10965 BERLIN

des Bundeskartellamtes