January 2000

28 January 2000

Dear Ms Zicci

Herewith I am glad to write in accordance with my forthcoming visit to Greece as a participant to ASIA FORUM 2000 which is to be held in Thesalloniki on 7-8 February.

I was a great pleasure to meet you during my visit to Athens in July.

Taking the chance of going to Greece I would greatly appreciate if you could find a few minutes in your business schedule and meet me and discuss the issues of mutual interest.

Thank you in advance for your kind cooperation and assistance. Looking forward to meeting you, I remain

Sincerely yours

Gennady Bogachev

Deputy Director

аспирантура (канд. экз.)

Экзаменационный билет (на 2 листах) по дисциплине

английский язык

(специальность: уголовное право и криминология;
уголовно-исполнительное право)

Task I. Translate from English into Russian in writing using a dictionary. Your time is 45 minutes

On 24 April, the Security Council established the United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM), to facilitate the cessation of hostilities and the maintenance of a cease-fire, and to promote a political settlement.

The Secretary-General appointed a Special Representative for Somalia, who left for the region on l May. In early July, 50 United Nations military observers arrived in Mogadishu, followed by some 500 United Nations security personnel. Meanwhile, humanitarian efforts were being carried out by six United Nations organizations and more than 30 relief organi­zations.

In August, the Secretary-General reported to the Security Councii that the United Nations and its partners were ready to provide much greater assistance, but were prevented from doing so by the lawlessness and lack of security prevailing throughout Somalia. He recommended deploying up to 3,000 security troops to protect the humanitarian efforts. This proposal was endorsed by the Council.

In October and November, the situation continued to deteriorate. As famine threatened some 1.5 million lives, Somalia remained without a central government, Mogadishu was divided by rival militias and the country by a dozen factions.

The delivery of humanitarian aid became more and more difficult. Relief ships were blocked from docking and even shelled. Ports and airports came under fire. Money and relief supplies were being extorted from donor agencies, and the lives of their personnel trying to distribute aid to starving people were being put in danger.

As a result, only a trickle of relief supplies was reaching the needy. According to some estimates, as many as 3,000 people a day were dying of starvation. Unless the security problems were solved, United Nations and relief agencies would be unable to provide the massive assistance needed. On 24 November, the Secretary-General reported to the Security Council on the deteriorating Situation in Somalia and on the factors preventing UNOSOM from carrying out its mandate.

On 3 December, the Security Council accepted an offer, made on 25 November by the United States, to take the lead in organizing and commanding an Operation to ensure the delivery of humanitarian relief. Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter, which deals with enforcement measures, the Council authorized the use of all necessary means to establish a secure environment for humanitarian relief operations.

Task II. Translate the letter from English into Russian without a dictionary. Your time is 5-7 minutes

Sadovaya'Kudrinskaya str.

Russian Federation

Dear Minister

Thank you for your interest to meet representatives of the Brandenburg State Government, especially Prime Minister Dr. Manfred Stoipe, during your stay in the Federal Republic of Germany from April 25"' to April 26"' 2000.

It is my pleasure to invite you to the state of Brandenburg. A copy of your request has been.mailed to the office of the Prime Minister for coordinating purposes.

Sincerely yours

Dr. Wolfgang FьrniЯ

аспирантура (канд. экз.)

Экзаменационный билет (на 2 листах) по дисциплине

английский язык

(специальность: уголовное право и криминология;
уголовно-исполнительное право)

Task I. Translate from English into Russian in writing using a dictionary. Your time is 45 minutes

The United Nations has supported from the start the efforts of Central American Governments to bring peace to the region. The combined action of the Security Council, the General Assembly and the Secretary-General has helped to resolve several protracted conflicts.

In 1987, the Presidents of five Central American countries - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua - signed the Esquipulas II agreement, by which they undertook to launch a region-wide process of democratization and national dialogue, bring about a cease-fire, and promote free and fair elections.

In February 1989, the five Presidents decided to set up a mechanism to verify the agreement with United Nations participation. They agreed to draw up a plan for the voluntary demobilization of the members of the Nicaraguan resistance (also known as "contras"). And Nicaragua announced it would call general elections under international and United Nations supervision.

In August 1989, at Nicaragua's request, the United Nations Observer Mission for the Verification of Elections in Nicaragua (ONUVEN) started operations in the country. It monitored the entire preparation and holding of the elections - the first United Nations-monitored elections in an independent country.

On election day, 25 February 1990, ONUVEN observers visited polling stations in 141 of the country's 143 municipalities and monitored vote counting. ONUVEN concluded that the elections had been conducted "in a highly commendable manner".

On the request of both the President and President-elect, a United Nations team facilitated a peaceful political transition and played a role in various negotiations that followed the elections. The success of ONUVEN helped create conditions for the voluntary demobilization of the Nicaraguan resistance.

That demobilization was overseen by another United Nations mission, the United Nations Observer Group in Central America (ONUCA), which had been established in November 1989 as a mechanism to verify the security aspects of Esquipulas II, following a request from the five Central American countries. ONUCA established a presence in all five countries to verify the end of assistance to irregular forces and insurrectionist movements, and the end of the use of one country's territory for attacks on other countries.

In March 1990, the Security Council enlarged ONUCA's mandate to include overseeing the voluntary demobilization of the Nicaraguan resistance. The operation was undertaken throughout Honduras and Nicaragua. By 29 June, some 22,000 resistance members had turned in their weapons to ONUCA.

The civilian aspects of the demobilization - repatriation, relocation or resettlement - were the responsibility of the International Commission for Support and Verification (CIAV), set up in September 1989 by the Secretaries-General of the United Nations and of the Organization of American States.

ONUCA remained in Central America, contributing to peace efforts in the region, until January 1992.

Task II. Translate the letter from English into Russian without a dictionary. Your time is 5-7 minutes

To: Mr Kim-nee LEE

Minister of Trade

Ministry of Trade and Industry