January 2000

28 January 2000

Dear Ms Zicci

Herewith I am glad to write in accordance with my forthcoming visit to Greece as a participant to ASIA FORUM 2000 which is to be held in Thesalloniki on 7-8 February.

I was a great pleasure to meet you during my visit to Athens in July.

Taking the chance of going to Greece I would greatly appreciate if you could find a few minutes in your dense business schedule and meet me and discuss the issues of mutual interest.

Thank you in advance for your kind cooperation and assistance.

Looking forward to meeting you, I remain

Sincerely yours

Gennady Bogachev

Deputy Minister

аспирантура (канд. экз.)

Экзаменационный билет (на 2 листах) по дисциплине

английский язык

(специальность: социология управления)

Task I. Translate from English into Russian in writing using a dictionary. Your time is 45 minutes

Under scientific management the "initiative" of the workmen (that is, their hard work, their good-will, and their ingenuity) is obtained with absolute uniformity and to a greater extent than is possible under the old system; and in addition to this improvement an the part of the men, the managers assume new burdens, new duties, and responsibilities never dreamed of in the past. The managers as­sume, for instance, the burden of gathering together all of the traditional knowledge which in the past has been possessed by the work­men and then classifying, tabulating, and reducing this knowledge to rules, laws, and formulae which are immensely helpful to the workmen in doing their daily work. In addition to developing a scien­ce in this way, the management take on three types of duties which involve new and heavy burdens for themselves.

These new duties are grouped under four heads:

First. They develop a science for each element of a man's work, which replaces the old rule-of-thumb method.

Second. They scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the workman, whereas in the past he chose his own work and trained himself as best as he could.

Third. They heartily cooperate with the men so as to insure all of the work being done in accordance with the principles of the science which has been developed.

Fourth. There is an almost equal division of the work and the responsibility between the management and the workmen. The management take over all work for which they are better fitted than the workmen, while in the past almost all of the work and the greater part of the responsibility were thrown upon the men.

Every business person knows a story about a highly intelligent, highly skilled executive who was promoted into a leadership position only to fail at the job. And they also know a story about some­one with solid — but nor extraordinary — intellectual abil­ities and technical skills who was promoted into a simi­lar position and then soared.

Such anecdotes support the widespread belief that identifying individuals with the "right stuff" to be leaders is more art than science. After all, the personal styles of su­perb leaders vary. And just as important, different situa­tions call for different types of leadership.

Task II. Translate the letter from English into Russian without a dictionary. Your time is 5-7 minutes

Dear Mr. Minister:

It was a pleasure to meet you during our recent visit to Moscow. I was encouraged with the discussion and look forward to moving ahead to assist small- and medium-sized businesses in Russia.

Mr. Paul Tumminia, Ex-Im Bank Director-Russia and NIS, will be in contact with you as to our future plans on this matter.

Please do let us know if you are planning to be in the U.S.
Sincerely,

phone (202) 565-3500 fax (202) 565-3513

811 vermont avenue, N.W. washington, D.C. 20571

аспирантура (канд. экз.)

Экзаменационный билет (на 2 листах) по дисциплине

английский язык

(специальность: социальная философия)

Task I. Translate from English into Russian in writing using a dictionary. Your time is 45 minutes

Gibbon writes of 'the love of pleasure and the love of action':

... To the love of pleasure we may therefore ascribe most of the agreeable, to the love of action we may attribute most of the useful and respectable qualifications. The character in which both the one and the other should be united and harmonized would seem to constitute the most perfect idea of human nature.

Gibbon recognizes quite clearly that the most deplorable manifestations of aggression share identical roots with valuable and essential parts of human endeavour. Without the aggressive, active side of his nature man would be even less able than he is to direct the course of his life or to influence the world around him. In fact, it is obvious that man could never have attained his present dominance, nor even have survived as a species, unless he possessed a large endowment of aggressiveness.

It is a tragic paradox that the very qualities which have led to man's extraordinary success are also those most likely to destroy him. His ruthless drive to subdue or to destroy every apparent obstacle in his path does not stop short at his own fellows; and since he now possesses weapons of unparalleled destructiveness and also apparently lacks the built-in safeguards which prevent most animals from killing others of the same species, it is not beyond possibility that he may yet encompass the total elimination homo sapiens.

What follows are the reflections of a psychotherapist upon the aggressive component in human nature. The views which are put forward are anything but dogmatic. All psycho­therapists suffer from the fact that, although their knowledge of a few people may be rather profound, their conclusions are necessarily drawn from a limited and highly selected sample of the population. Moreover, many of the theories which are available in the practice of psychotherapy are difficult to substantiate scientifically, because the psychotherapist is endeavouring to deal with the person as a whole. Psychologists working in laboratories can construct experiments in which, for example, aggressive emotions can be more or less separately aroused and studied: and the conclusions which they reach can be statistically expressed. The disadvantage of nearly all such experiments is that the situations upon which they are based are so restricted that they are far removed from life as it is lived. Aggression, for example, is inextricably mingled with fear and sex in many situations. It is very much to be hoped that, in time, there will be a rapprochement between the precise but limited viewpoint of the experimentalist, and the less denned but wider conceptions of the psychotherapist. In the meantime, we must do the best we can with incomplete and unproved hypotheses.

Task II. Translate the letter from English into Russian without a dictionary. Your time is 5-7 minutes

To: Ms Rodoula Ath. ZICCI

Deputy Minister

of National Economy