The existing legislation on foreign investment

1. The existing legislation on foreign investment.

2. The incentives that could attract foreign investments (e.g. current tax system e.t.c.).

We would like to thank you in advance for your kind co-operation.

Sincerely yours,

Kl. Stavrakakis Director

аспирантура (канд. экз.)

Экзаменационный билет (на 2 листах) по дисциплине

английский язык

(специальность: социология управления)

Task I. Translate from English into Russian in writing using a dictionary. Your time is 45 minutes

Managing is essential in all organized cooperation, as well as at all levels of organization in an enterprise. It is the function not only of the corporation president and the army general but also of the shop supervisor and the company commander. In working with many enterprises and organizations, one can hear it said repeatedly that the "trouble" with the enterprise is the "management", meaning persons at a higher level in the organization. Even vice-presidents of a company have made this observation. While weaknesses and dif­ficulties may appear at any level of management, effective and per­ceptive management demands that all those responsible for the work of others, at all levels and in any type of enterprise, regard themselves as managers.

There is no basic distinction between managers and executives, administrators, or supervisors. To be sure, a given situation may differ considerably between various levels in an organization or va­rious types of enterprise, the scope of authority held may vary, the types of problems dealt with may be considerably different, and a person in a managerial role may also be a salesman, engineer, or financier but the fact remains that, as managers, all who obtain results by establishing an environment for effective group endeavor undertake the same functions.

Some basic characteristics seem to apply to managers in all types of organizations; they include hard work on a variety of acti­vities, preference for active tasks, direct personal relationships.

Almost everything a manager does involves decisions. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists. In decision-making there is always some uncertainty and risk.

Managing is a hard job. There is a lot to be done and relatively little time to do it. The engineer can finish a design on a particular day, and the lawyer can win or lose a case at a certain time. But the manager's job is like «Old Man River» — it just keeps going.

Task II. Translate the letter from English into Russian without a dictionary. Your time is 5-7 minutes

To: Mr Joe Smith

Director General

Fair Trade Commission

USA

Re: New Informational and Communication Technologies. Review and Perspectives

20 August 1999

Dear Mr Smith

We have the pleasure to invite you to participate in the International Conference

" New Informational and Communication Technologies. Review and Perspectives".

This high-level International Conference will take place in London, 8-9 November 1999. It will host participants from competition authorities representing foreign and international organizations, governmental, academic and business circles.

The working languages of the Conference are English and French.

We would highly appreciate your participation in this event.

For further details please contact Ms Johnston (tel.: 456 899 01)

William Brandt, Minister

аспирантура (канд. экз.)

Экзаменационный билет (на 2 листах) по дисциплине

английский язык

(специальность: социология управления)

Task I. Translate from English into Russian in writing using a dictionary. Your time is 45 minutes

MANAGERS AND MANAGEMENT

Every activity involving human effort possesses an element which to some degree bгings unity and cohesiveness to the underta­king. We call this element management.

The manager, in contrast to management, is an individual who provides the appropriate environment conducive to the performance of acts by others to accomplish the undertaking. In the case of a uni­lateral undertaking, management is self – contained and the manager is involved with self-management.

When two or more individuals are engaged in a joint endeavor, however, management is no longer self-contained, and providing unity and cohesiveness to the undertaking is an external (versus self-con­tained) managerial function that varies widely in complexity. A ma­nager in a simple situation may be little more than a receiver, sto­rer, translator, and communicator of information pertinent to the effective performance of the undertaking. This receiving storing-translating, nevertheless effects the cohesiveness desired and as such, causes the communicator to be known as a manager.

Many managerial undertakings, on the other hand, are rather complex and require more than mere communication, a basic knowledge and understanding of perhaps the technical aspects of an operation may be needed and the act of managing may also involve a more comp­lex decision-making process.

I have found, however, that the most effective leaders are alike in one crucial way. They all have a high degree of what has come to be known as emotional intelligence. It's not that IQ and technical skills are irrelevant. They do matter, but mainly as "threshold capabilities"; that is, they are the entry-level requirements for exec­utive positions. But my research, along with other recent studies, clearly shows that emotional intelligence is the sine qua non of leadership. Without it, a person can have the best training in the world, an incisive, analytical mind and an endless supply or smart ideas, but he or she still won't make a great leader.

Task II. Translate the letter from English into Russian without a dictionary. Your time is 5-7 minutes

To: Ms Rodoula Ath. ZICCI

Deputy Minister of National Economy