Find and write out two examples of time relationship and underline the time indicators

Television is the single most popular form … entertainment in Britain. … the late 1980s the average adult spent twenty-five hours, and children eighteen hours, … the television set each week. They had four channels to choose …: BBC1 and BBC2, ITV (Independent Television) and Channel Four. Channel Four, which was established in 1982, specialises …. minority interest programmes, but has proved highly successful.
1. Fill in the gaps with the suitable prepositions.
2. Find and correct the false statement.
a. Adults watch television less than children.
b. Television is the most popular pastime in Great Britain.
c. Channel Four is successful.
3. Note-taking. List the TV channels available in Great Britain.

Had the First World War been lost, Britain, like Russia, Austria and Germany, might well have lost its monarchy. In fact, the monarchy emerged from this trial strengthened as the anchor of the nation. George V attended the first football Cup Final at Wembley and made skilful use of radio to become a truly popular monarch. George VI made the monarchy yet more popular by his refusal to leave London during air attacks on the capital during the Second World War. By remaining in Buckingham Palace after it was itself hit, and by tours of the most badly bombed parts of London, George VI and his consort, Elizabeth (the Queen Mother), became the most loved people of Britain.
1. Which relationship does the underlined word express?
Britain, like Russia, Austria and Germany, might well have lost its monarchy.
2. Find and correct the false statement.
a. Britain is still a monarchy.
b. Queen Elisabeth II ruled Britain during the Second World War.
c. King George VI stayed in London during air attacks on the capital.
3. Complete the diagram with the words.
George V, London, Queen Mother, air attacks, Buckingham Palace, the First World War, Consort, Capital, football Cup Final.

Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or to short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognisable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.
1. Complete the table.

2. Write comparative sentences using the words.
a. men, women, fashion-conscious.
b. men’s, women’s change, fashions, quickly.
3. Find and write out an example of contrast. Underline the marker of contrast.

Old people are always saying that the young are not what were. The same comment is make from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed.
1. Write the opposites.
a. the same.
b. false.
c. to follow.
2. Write the words to match the definitions.
a. The whole body of people born at the same time.
b. An important thing that once happened.
c. Personal liberty and independence.
3. Note-taking. List the points in which the young generation is different from the one the preceded it.

It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognisable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, wilful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
1. Find and write out an example of comparison. Underline the marker of comparison.
2. Complete the table. Qualities brought out by the act of driving.

3. Paraphrase the sentences using the words in brackets.
a. A man’s worst qualities become visible when he is driving. (bring out)
b. It’s hard to recognize a man when he is behind a steering-wheel. (unrecognizable)

We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earliest years to be acquisitive. Our possessions, ‘mine’ and ‘yours’ are clearly labelled from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn. We spend the whole of our lives keeping up with our neighbours, the Joneses. If we buy a new television set, Jones is bound to buy a bigger and better one. If we buy a new car, we can sure that Jones will go one better and get two new cars: one for his wife and one for himself. The most amusing thing about this game is that the Joneses and all the neighbours who are struggling frantically to keep up with them are spending borrowed money kindly provided, at a suitable rate of interest, of course, by friendly banks, insurance companies, etc.
1. Find and write out two examples of condition relationship. Underline the markers of condition.
2. The expression ‘to keep up with the Joneses’ is an idiom. Explain its meaning.
3. Find and correct the false statement.
a. Our society is materialistic.
b. We measure success in terms of the money we earn.
c. People spend the money they have saved.

You will say that is one thing to exercise censorship where children are concerned and quite another to do the same for adults. Children need protection and it is the parents’ responsibility to provide it. But what about adults? Aren’t they old enough to decide what is good for them? The answer is that many adults are, but don’t make the mistake of thinking that all adults are like yourself. Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Highly civilised people might find it possible to live amicably together without laws of any kind: they would just rely on good sense to solve their problems. But imagine what chaos there would be if we lived in a society without laws! Like the law, censorship contributes to the common good.
1. Find and write out the sentence where law and censorship are compared. Underline the marker of comparison.
2. Fill in the gaps with the words from the paragraph.
a. It’s the parents’ _______ to protect their children from undesired influence.
b. Only highly _______ people can live relying on common sense and not laws.
c. There would be ______ if there were no laws.
3. Put the parts of the sentence in the correct order.
A. that censorship does is
B. by corrupting the minds of others
C. to prevent certain people
D. one of the great things
E. from making fat profits

It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be levelled out if you provide every body with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, ‘survival of the fittest’, and ‘might is right’ are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For ‘aristocracy’ read ‘meritocracy’; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.
1. Find and write out an example of condition relationship. Underline the marker of condition.
2. Translate into Russian.
a. Nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality.
b. It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities.
3. Write the words to match the definitions.
a. Government by persons selected according to their results in competition.
b. To distribute among a number of people.
c. The same in size, value, degree, rank etc.

In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.
1. Write a definition of private education.
2. Which type of relationship does the underlined word express?
In some societies private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities.
3. Paraphrase the sentences using the words in brackets.
a. So great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. (because)
b. Class divisions persist whether you are ruled by feudal king or an educated peasant. (to destroy)

English has become a world language because of its establishment as a mother tongue outside England, in all the continents of the world. This exporting of English began in the seventeenth century, with the first settlements in North America. Above all, it is the great growth of population in the United States, assisted by massive immigration in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, that has given the English language its present standing in the world.
1. Find and write out an example of cause/effect relationship and underline the marker of cause.
2. Note-taking. List the reasons why English has became a world language.
3. Write synonyms of the following words.
a. to facilitate
b. position
c. a native language

The most popular evening entertainment is watching television or video, which the average person does for two and half hours a day. After that, the next most popular activity is visiting friends, going the cinema or a restaurant, or going the pub. The most popular hobby is gardening and the most popular sports are fishing, football and tennis.
1. Complete the spidergraph with the information from the paragraph.
2. What do you call a person who is involved in
a. working in the garden
b. playing tennis
c. Fishing