Find and write out an example of contrast relationship . Underline the marker of contrast

When you plant a tree, you are helping your environment in many ways. Your tree will provide a home and food for other creatures. It will hold the soil in place. In will provide shade in the summer. You can watch it grow and someday show your children or even grandchildren the tree you planted.
1. Answer the questions and add details to the paragraph.
A. What kind of home would the tree provide?
B. What kind of food would the tree provide?
C. What kind of creatures might use the tree?
D. Why is holding the soil in place important?
E. Why is shade important?
2. Who and what can you help if you plant a tree?
3. Write the English equivalents.
a. во многих отношениях
b. почва
c. посадить дерево

The major problems a working mother faces concern her children. She must either find a reliable person who will be loving toward the children or a good day-care center where the children can go. If a child gets sick, the mother must make special arrangements for the child to be cared for at home, or she must stay home from work. While at work the mother may worry about her children. She may wonder if they are safe, if they are learning the values she wants them to have, and if her absence is hurting them emotionally. She may also regret not being able to take them to after-school activities or participate in family activities with them.
1. Make an outline of the paragraph.
2. Translate into Russian.
She may wonder if they are safe, if they are learning the values she wants them to have, and if her absence is hurting them emotionally.
3. Find and write out an example of condition relationship. Underline the marker of condition.

Even though a mother is frequently forced into working for economic reasons, she soon discovers that there are added expenses. Her biggest expense is child care. Another expense is transportation. This may include purchasing and maintaining a car. Yet another expense is clothing, such as a uniform or stylish suits to maintain a professional appearance. Finally, if her company does not have a subsidized cafeteria, she will have to pay for food in restaurants.
1. Identify and write out the markers of enumeration.
2. Distribute the problems into the following groups.
a. children
b. work – related problems
c. extra expenses
d. physical problems
Problems: staying late at work, exhaustion, raising children, cost of transportation, housework after work, child care expenses, worry and anxiety, sick children.
3. Find and correct the false statement.
a. A working mother must have a professional appearance.
b. Transportation is one of the biggest expenses.
c. Clothing is the biggest expense of a working mother.

Living in an apartment many advantages. First, students can choose to live in a quiet neighbourhood. A quiet neighbourhood is conductive to studying. Away from the distractions of campus life, students can be more serious about their studies. Second, apartment life allows students to be more independent. For example, they can cook whatever they want to eat and have their meals whenever they want them. Third, students can often find apartments that are cheaper than the fee for room and board in a dormitory.
1. Identify the topic and the controlling idea.
2. What are the advantages listed concerned with? Make an outline of the paragraph and give each group of advantages a title.
3. “A quiet neighbourhood is conductive to studying” is an opinion. Support it with an argument.

There are two teams of nine players each. Players on one team take turns batting, and the other team tries to put the batters out. The batter hits the ball and then tries to run around the bases and get “home” safely. The other team tries to put the batter out by catching the ball before it hits the ground, throwing the ball to the base before the batter gets there, or by tagging the batter with the ball, the batter can stop at any one of the three bases if it is impossible to make it “home”.
1. Write a topic sentence for the paragraph.
2. Write a formal definition of baseball.
3. Formulate the purpose of a batter.

Pictures or posters ___ the wall make a dormitory room feel more _____ home. A rug on the floor beside the bed is a nice addition ___ an otherwise cold and hard floor. Besides textbooks, favourite books ______ home on the bookshelf and photograph or two ___ the family on the desk also add a comforting touch to the impersonal dormitory room.
1. Write a topic sentence for the paragraph.
2. List the objects which can make a dormitory room look more like home.
3. Fill in the gaps with prepositions.

Sharing a flat certainly has some advantages. To begin with, it should be cheaper, and if you are sharing with people that you get on well with, it is nice to have some company at have rather than being all on you own. Also the household chores are shared, and that is very important, Particularly when you are younger, and you are living apart from your parents for the first time, it can be very enjoyable to live with people of your own age, whose interests and life-style you shave.
1. Which of the words underlined could be replaced with one of the following?
Especially, first of all, another point is that.
2. Identify the topic and the controlling idea.
3. Distribute the advantages listed in the paragraph into the following groups:
a. those concerning money
b. those concerning housework
c. those concerning people

However, sharing a flat does have some district disadvantages, and the main one is that the flat is not you own, so you cannot do what you want in it. What happens if you want to go to bed but you flat-mate wants to play music? To certain extent you have to be unselfish. What is more there can to little privacy.
1. Find and write out an example of argumentation. Identify the opinion and the argument.
2. Replace the words underlined with synonymic expressions or linking words.
3. Write the words to match the definitions.
a. a person one shares a flat with
b. being alone and undisturbed
c. belonging to somebody as their property

The first army almost certainly carried weapons no different from those that hunters had been using on animals and on each other for thousand of years previously – spears, knives, axes, perhaps bows and arrows. Its strength did not lie in mere numbers; what made it an army was discipline and organization. This multitude of men obeyed a single commander and killed his enemies to achieve his goals. It was the most awesome concentration of power the human world had ever seen, and nothing except another army could hope to resist it.
1. Write out the names of weapons mentioned in the paragraph and translate them into Russian.
2. List the reasons why the first army was strong.
3. Paraphrase the sentences using the words in brackets.
a. Their weapons were no different from those that hunters had been using on animals. (same)
b. Nothing except another army could hope to resist it. (only)

We assume that people will kill ___ they find themselves in a situation where their own survival is threatened, and nobody needs lessons to learn how to die. What is less obvious is that practically anybody can persuaded and manipulated ________________ that he will more or less voluntarily enter a situation wherein he must kill and perhaps die. Yet if that were not true, battles would be impossible, and civilization would have taken a very different course (if indeed it arose at all).
1. Fill in the gaps with linking words or expressions.
2. Summarize the paragraph in 2-3 sentences.
3. Put the parts of the sentence in the correct order.
A. but it is a safe assumption
B. five thousand male human beings
C. they belonged to an army
D. it can never be proved
E. were ever gathered together in one place
F. that the first time

So the question is now of technique. How can parents create the kind of brain growth that leads to expertise in reading math, gymnastics, and the like? Say you want to teach your six-month-old how to read. Write down a series of short, familiar words in large, clear letters of flashcards. Show the cards to your infant five or six times a day, simultaneously reciting the word written on each one. With his extraordinary retentive powers he’ll soon be learning hundreds of words, then phrases. The idea is to try to treat the baby’s mind as a sponge. By the age of three, Doman guarantees, you child will be entertaining himself and amazing your friends by reading ‘everything in sight’. In like manner he can learn to perform staggering mathematical stunts, or to distinguish and thoughtfully analyze the works of the Great Master or the classical composers.
1. Does the article describe?
a. an event
b. a process
c. a location
2. Make a flow-chart illustrating the stages of teaching a baby how to read.
3. Find and correct the false statement.
a. Parents teach their children reading through songs.
b. Doman treats the baby’s mind as a sponge.
c. Parents should show the baby words on flashcards and simultaneously pronounce them.

When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By travelling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveller on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him travelling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound, satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers.
1. Which pattern of comparison is followed in the paragraph?
2. Which of the titles suits the paragraph best?
a. Transport kills your soul.
b. Weariness is the best reward.
c. The best way to travel is on foot.
3. Complete the table.

Our house was always open to whoever came round. You’d never know how many people would sit down to a meal. My parents were always inviting people in, and my sisters and I brought friends from school. They used to love coming to our house because they were made so welcome. There were no petty rules, and as long as we tidied up they didn’t mind what we did. We called a lot of my parents’ friends ‘Uncle’ or ‘Aunt’ so-and-so. We never used to know who were our real relations! But what was so nice for us kids was that we grew up surrounded by a lot of adults, not just our parents, so we heard what they had to say, and they listened to our opinions as well.
1. What kind of paragraph is it :
A definition, a classification, a dissipation, an analysis?
Make an outline of the paragraph.
2. List the things the author liked about his or her family? Distribute them into several groups and give each group a title.
3. Write a topic sentence for the paragraph. Underline the topic. Which of the following ideas doesn’t support the topic?
a. My parents were my best friends. If I needed their help and advice, I got it immediately.
b. My school teachers were also very good and understanding.
c. It was nice to have the house full of guests. It created an unforgettable atmosphere of festivity.

The white pages of an American telephone book give the phone numbers of residences. The blue pages contain the combers of government offices, and the yellow pages have advertisements and business numbers. There are maps as well as indexes at the back of the book. The telephone books of larger cities may provide separate books for different sections of the city, while those of small towns may have room to include the numbers from several towns all in one book.
1. The topic sentence is missing. Write it and underline the topic.
2. Make an outline of the paragraph.
3. Which of the sentences summarizes the contents of the paragraph?
a. All American telephone books have more or less the same structure.
b. In the USA you can buy a telephone book at the nearest post-office.
c. American telephone books are nice to look at.

Working at a part-time job while studying at a university has many advantages. If students can get a job in their area of study, they are gaining valuable experience and putting their knowledge to use immediately. The extra money they can earn will be useful for meeting tuition fees and enjoying university activities. Also, they will have the personal satisfaction of having contributed to their own education. Students who need extra money can hold down a full-time temporary job during their summer vacation.
1. Identify the topic and the controlling idea in the topic sentence.
2. Cross out the idea that doesn’t support the topic sentence.
3. Which of the following supporting ideas was not mentioned in the paragraph?
Working part-time while studying has many advantages.
a. provides useful experience
b. brings personal satisfaction
c. leaves enough time for studies
d. brings extra money

People can avoid catching a cold by taking certain precautions. Perhaps the most important precaution is to avoid people who already have colds … that you are not exposed to cold germs. You should … get plenty of sleep so that … resistance is strong. Eating nutritious food will ensure that you have the vitamins that can help fight cold germs. …. , you could try taking vitamin C supplements, which may help prevent your catching a cold.
1. Fill in the gaps with linking words.
2. Identify the topic and the controlling idea.