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before them: technical schools, institutes and universities. But it is not easy thing to choose a profession out of more than 2.000 existing in the world. Some pupils follow the advice of their parents, others can't decide even after leaving school. As for me I have made my choice long ago. I want ...

... to study a lot. I like doing different things: Such as reading detective stories, listening to the music, playing tennis with my classmates. But my favorite hobby is solving crossword puzzles. It's not only interesting, but also very useful. When you try to solve the puzzle you find out and learn a ...

... , physics, chemistry, math and computer science. Languages and history are my favorite subjects. I make much progress in these subjects. Our school is a 3-storeyed modern building. It has many classrooms, specialized rooms, laboratories and workshops. Specialized rooms are used to study math, ...

... up. He orbited the Earth only once, staying in space for 108 minutes. Mankind will always remember him. A new era of man's exploration of outer space began. Many space rockets went up by our cosmonauts. Among them were Titov, Nikolaev, Leonov, Tereshkova, Savitskaya and others. Today Russia wants ...

... to ride a bike, to go jogging. Sometimes we come to see our grandparents or friends. I also like to go to the parties to discos with my friends. Our family has a little summerhouse in the country. Beginning from early spring we spend a lot of time on the weekends there. There is a river not far from

... TV programs about sports are always very popular, and you can watch something very interesting every day. Personally I prefer to watch figure-skating competitions. Sports help people to keep fit. At the same time those who go in for sports try to achieve good results and win victories in sports ...

... know English, you can communicate (personally or in writing) with others who use this language. If you wish to make a career in science, you must read scientific books and magazines in English. Knowing English you can read the works of foreign writers in original. A more general aim is to broaden ...

... of the book, its illustrations, the name of the author, the title of the book and the contents. When we take a book, we mustn't do dog's ears, we mustn't write anything on the pages, and we must return books to the library in time. I think it is necessary to follow these rules. I'm extremely fond ...

... for me to go sightseeing and to see ancient monuments and many places of historical interest. As a rule I make new friends there. I never feel bored when I travel, because I always have good companions. Time passes quickly and soon we have to make our way back. We return home sunburnt and full of ...

... pop war. Britney and her legions of teenage fans aren't her only admirers: it turns out her role-model, Madonna, has said that she's a big fan of Britney, and a duet with the new Princess of Pop is in the works. Britney also appeared in a one-hour BBC documentary on the Material Girl. As if CDs

... підвищеного ризику для здоров'я, - тривалістю до 35 календарних днів за Списком виробництв, робіт, професій і посад, затверджуваним Кабінетом Міністрів України;  2) працівникам з ненормованим робочим днем - тривалістю до 7 календарних днів згідно із списками посад, робіт та професій, визначених ...

... і Польщею існував оборонний союз, спрямований проти Криму, але поскільки татари стали союзником Хмельницького, московсько-польський союз міг обернутися проти України. Богдан Хмельницький щоб не допустити спільного виступу Польщі та Московщини проти України, ще в 1648 році радив цареві Олексієві, ...

... in the work of Italian artists in the late 13th century, became the dominant painting style throughout Europe until the end of the 15th century. The Gothic era in painting spanned more than 200 years, starting in Italy and spreading to the rest of E. By the end of the 14th century, the fusion of ...

... Altdorfer's early training or travels, but it has been suggested that his father was the painter and miniaturist, Ulrich Altdorfer, last mentioned in Regensburg in 1491. Albrecht Altdorfer's signed and dated engravings and drawings first appeared in 1506 and were followed, in 1507, by several small ...

... common medieval operation; however, for some reason Bosch has painted a flower as the object being removed. The unique vision of Bosch The extraordinary painter Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450-1516) stands apart from the prevailing Flemish traditions in painting. His style was unique, strikingly free, ...

... and '50s, for the first time, American artists became internationally important with their new vision and new artistic vocabulary, known as Abstract Expressionism. The first public exhibitions of work by the ``New York School'' of artists-- who were to become known as Abstract Expressionists-- ...

... every aspect of life, the clothes one wore, the person one married, and the activities one could or should not pursue. In the early years of the Edo period, however, the full impact of Tokugawa policies had not yet been felt, and some of Japan's finest expressions in architecture and painting were ...

... , had all arrived in the city. Though they became friends and gained inspiration from the recent innovations in art, they were each highly original artists and their paintings stand alone, defying categorization and imitation. The three painters that we look at here were all born outside France, ...

... dates and the appropriate names to apply to various time periods between 552, the official date of the introduction of Buddhism into Japan, and 784, when the Japanese capital was transferred from Nara. The most common designations are the Suiko period, 552-645; the Hakuho period, 645-710; and the ...

... by Vermeer, whose mother-in-law apparently owned it. A certain coarseness in conception, irregular compositional rhythms, and less atmospheric quality distinguish Baburen's art from that of his greater contemporaries, but his manner of painting can be said to be broad and forceful. The city of ...

to the senses, often in dramatic ways, underlies its manifestations. Some of the qualities most frequently associated with the Baroque are grandeur, sensuous richness, drama, vitality, movement, tension, emotional exuberance, and a tendency to blur distinctions between the various arts. A term ...

... was a minor industry in Bassano, and his four sons continued his style into the next century. The work of the family is well represented in the Museo Civico at Bassano. The altarpiece, representing the Madonna between St James the Greater and St John the Baptist, was originally executed for the ...

... an altarpiece) in the Venice Accademia and two Pietas, both in Milan, are all from this early period. Bellini's St. Vincent Ferrer altarpiece, which is still in the church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Venice, was painted in the mid-1470s. In his later work Bellini achieved a unique religious and ...

... the palm of your hand And Eternity in an hour. "I do not behold the outward creation... it is a hindrance and not action." Thus William Blake--painter, engraver, and poet--explained why his work was filled with religious visions rather than with subjects from everyday life. Few people ...

ast. Among the saints, Bosch's favorite was Saint Anthony, the subject of his triptych The Temptation of Saint Anthony (c.1500; Museo National de Arte Antiga, Lisbon), which features physical punishment on the left wing, a Black Mass in the center, and the blandishments of food and sex on the right ...

assion for that country, she studied art at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia, and then travelled extensively in Europe, finally settling in Paris in 1874. In that year she had a work accepted at the Salon and in 1877 made the acquaintance of Degas, with whom she was to be on ...

... it is, with its blacks and greys and umbers, it does not fully indicate the profundity of his developing genius. Yet even in this early work, Cézanne's grasp of form and solid pictorial structures which came to dominate his mature style are already essential components. His overriding concern ...

... and Cézanne's mentor. The artist looked at him for strength but gave nothing in return. Zola got tired of placating Cézanne's ego, and in later years, when Zola wrote The Masterpiece of an unfulfilled artist who eventually killed himself, Cézanne was convinced that the author ...

... illustrating Greek and Roman legends. The best known are the two large panels Primavera and The Birth of Venus. Botticelli: Lyrical Precision After Masaccio, Sandro Botticelli (Alessandro di Moriano Filipepi, 1444/5-1510) comes as the next great painter of the Florentine tradition. The new, ...

... integrity of the painting itself. He has been called the father of modern painting. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1994 Biography The French painter Paul Cézanne, who exhibited little in his lifetime and pursued his interests increasingly in artistic isolation, is regarded today as one of ...

nsuousness of the rococo style. Boucher, the son of a designer of lace, was born in Paris. He studied with the painter François Le Moyne but was most influenced by the delicate style of his contemporary Antoine Watteau. In 1723 Boucher won the Prix de Rome; he studied in Rome from 1727 to ...

... and mellow lighting, these works celebrate the beauty of their commonplace subjects and project an aura of humanity, intimacy, and honest domesticity. Chardin's technical skill gave his paintings an uncannily realistic texture. He rendered forms by means of light by using thick, layered brushstrokes ...

... company, for which he designed stained glass and furniture. The major work of the later part of his career is a cycle of paintings (1878-93) in Manchester Town Hall on the history of the city. Brown was an individualist and a man of prickly temperament; he opposed the Royal Academy and was a pione

... `Classical', is used in various (and often confusing) ways in the history and criticism of the arts. In its broadest sense, Classicism is used as the opposite of Romanticism, characterizing art in which adherence to recognized aesthetic ideals is accorded greater importance that individuality of ...

... son, Pieter Brueghel III (1589-?1640), was also known primarily as a copyist. Jan Brueghel (1568-1625), called the "velvet Brueghel," was the second son of Pieter Bruegel the Elder and, like his brother Pieter Brueghel the Younger, made his career in Antwerp. Known for his still lifes ...

rved and captured in his art the Parisian nightlife of the period. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was born on Nov. 24, 1864, in Albi, France. He was an aristocrat, the son and heir of Comte Alphonse-Charles de Toulouse and last in line of a family that dated back a thousand years. Henri's father was ...

... with elegantly clad figures strolling with the expressionless intensity of somnambulists, as in Boulevard Vu d'en Haut (1880; private collection, Paris). Caillebotte's superb collection of impressionist paintings was left to the French government on his death. With considerable reluctance the ...

... and the Dutch 17th-century landscape painters. Just as his contemporary William Wordsworth rejected what he called the `poetic diction' of his predecessors, so Constable turned away from the pictorial conventions of 18th-century landscape painters, who, he said, were always `running after pictures ...

born in Birmingham and educated at the University of Oxford. Trained by the Pre-Raphaelite painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Burne-Jones shared the Pre-Raphaelites' concern with restoring to art what they considered the purity of form, stylization, and high moral tone of medieval painting and design. ...

... not idealize the peasant or the labors of agriculture in the manner of Millet and Courbet, and was uninvolved in ideological controversy. From 1827 Corot exhibited regularly at the Salon, but his greatest success there came with a rather different type of picture -- more traditionally Romantic in ...

... associated with artists of the Bolognese School, notably Domenichino and Reni, two of the leading members of the following generation who trained with the Carracci. They continued working in close relationship until 1595, when Annibale, who was by far the greatest artist of the family, was called ...

... from Ireland. He began to paint in about 1753. His earliest works show the influence of his stepfather, an engraver, and the Boston artist John Smibert. In about 1755 Copley met the English artist Joseph Blackburn, whose use of rococo lightness and coloring he quickly adopted. He also made use of ...

He was born Michelangelo Merisi on Sept. 28, 1573, in Caravaggio, Italy. As an adult he would become known by the name of his birthplace. Orphaned at age 11, he was apprenticed to the painter Simone Peterzano of Milan for four years. At some time between 1588 and 1592, Caravaggio went to Rome and ...

... au Salon des Indépendants étaient définies bizarreries cubiques. -- U. Apollonio, Matérialiser l'espace, in Braque, p. 4. Dans le cubisme initial l'objet prédomine, puis progressivement l'analyse prend le dessus et dans la dernière phase du cubisme, en ...

... l'intensité d'un art nouveau leur rendit impossible compréhension et puissance de s'élever à l'abstraction, la magie d'une parole (DADA), les ayant mis, (par sa simplicité de ne rien signifier) devant la porte d'un monde présent, vraiment trop forte é ...

... and Raphael's Stanze, and after ten visits to the Salon described it as `in every sense perfect'. David was in active sympathy with the Revolution, becoming a Deputy and voting for the execution of Louis XVI. His position was unchallenged as the painter of the Revolution. His three paintings of ` ...

... 1859, he painted portraits of his family and friends and a number of historical subjects, in which he combined classical and romantic styles. In Paris, Degas came to know Édouard Manet, and in the late 1860s he turned to contemporary themes, painting both theatrical scenes and portraits with ...

or of the mid 19th century. Doré became very widely known for his illustrations to such books as Dante's Inferno (1861), Don Quixote (1862), and the Bible (1866), and he helped to give European currency to the illustrated book of large . He was so prolific that at one time he employed more ...

... Battle of Nancy and The Battle of Poitiers. The poetry of Lord Byron inspired a painting for the 1827 Salon, Death of Sardanapalus. Delacroix also created a set of 17 lithographs to illustrate a French edition of Goethe's Faust. The French revolution of 1830 inspired the famous Liberty Guiding the ...

. Courbet, against much opposition, truthfully portrayed ordinary places and people. Gustave Courbet was born on June 10, 1819, to a prosperous farming family in Ornans, France. He went to Paris in 1841, supposedly to study law, but he soon decided to study painting and learned by copying the ...

... series (1498), retain a more Gothic flavour than the rest of his work. Born in Nürnberg as the third son of the Hungarian goldsmith Albrecht Dürer. Began as an apprentice to his father in 1485, but his earliest known work, one of his many self portraits, was made in 1484. Died in Nü ...

... paintings in this sphere. He also painted several portraits of Martin Luther. Despite his allegiance to the Protestant cause, he continued to work for Catholic patrons and was a very astute businessman. During the last years of his life Cranach was assisted by his son, Lucas the Younger (1515-86),

... so fate that it pleases me not at all. It lokes lyke on of the windes puffinge -- but truly I think tis lyke the originale." Van Dyck's influence on English portraiture has been profound and lasting: Gainsborough, in particular, revered him, but he was an inspiration to many others until the ...

... of his works. His paintings were engraved by his pupil and patron, the Dutch amateur artist Count Hendrick Goudt (1573-1648), and Elsheimer himself made a number of etchings. In spite of his popularity he was personally unsuccessful and died in poverty. Sandrart says he suffered from melancholia and ...

... depiction of surgery, an experience that was repeated with The Agnew Clinic (University of Pennsylvania, 1889). Because of financial support from his father, Eakins could continue on his chosen course despite public abuse, but much of his later career was spent working in bitter isolation. It was ...

... German character, the Frenchman, Georges Rouault (1871-1958), links the decorative effects of Fauvism in France with the symbolic color of German Expressionism. Rouault trained with Matisse at Moreau's academy and exhibited with the Fauves, but his palette of colors and profound subject matter ...

ation of formal elements. In a broader sense Expressionism is one of the main currents of art in the later 19th and the 20th centuries, and its qualities of highly subjective, personal, spontaneous self-expression are typical of a wide range of modern artists and art movements. Expressionism can ...

... . Like the 17th-century Dutch painter Vermeer, van Eyck takes us into the light, and makes us feel that we, too, belong there. Van Eyck's meticulously detailed Adoration of the Lamb is part of a huge altarpiece; painted on both sites, it is the largest and most complex altarpiece produced in the ...

... Flanders could take place privately rather than in church. Van Eyck's Latin signature, in the Gothic calligraphy used for legal documents, reads: ``Jan van Eyck was present'', and has been interpreted by some as an indication that the artist himself served as a witness. Convex mirror The mirror ...

... of nature. But if we want to understand the way in which northern art developed we must appreciate this infinite care and patience of Jan van Eyck. The southern artists of his generation, the Florentine masters of Brunelleschi's circle, had developed a method by which nature could be represented in ...

... its owner, Guidobaldo, Duke of Camerino, who later became Duke of Urbino. The pose is based on Giorgione's Sleeping Venus (Gemдldegalerie, Dresden), but Titian substitutes a direct sensual appeal for Giorgione's idyllic remoteness. Early in the 1540s Titian came under the influence of central and ...

... , the single factor that most distinguishes the van Eycks from the art of manuscript illumination was the medium they used. For many years Jan van Eyck was wrongly credited with the ``discovery of painting in oil''. In fact, oil painting was already in existence, used to paint sculptures and to ...

... ée d'Orsay, Paris, 1870) shows Monet, Renoir, and others in Manet's studio. In spite of his associations with such progressive artists, Fantin-Latour was a traditionalist, and his portraits particularly are in a precise, detailed style. Much of his later career was devoted to lithography; ...

аукове узагальнення , синтез існуючих теорій і концепцій та їх адаптація до потреб і реалій економіки України .  Об`єктивна необхідність вимагає поступового , але неухильного включення економіки України до системи міжнародного поділу праці (МПП) , світових інтеграційних процесів,треба враховувати ...

... of their intelligent study of van Gogh's art. But their art seemed brasher than anything seen before. During its brief flourishing, Fauvism had some notable adherents, including Rouault, Dufy, and Braque. Vlaminck had a touch of his internal moods: even if The River (c. 1910; 60 x 73 cm (23 1/2 x ...

... swirls of intense colour in Vlaminck's works are indebted to the expressive power of van Gogh. Three young painters from Le Havre were also attracted to Fauvism by the strong personality of Matisse. Othon Friesz found the emotional connotations of the bright Fauve colours a relief from the mediocre ...

... (Frick Collection, New York, 1771-73). These, however, were returned by Mme du Barry and it seems that taste was already turning against Fragonard's lighthearted style. He tried unsuccessfully to adapt himself to the new Neoclassical vogue, but in spite of the admiration and support of David he was ...

... and are beautiful renderings of trees, hills, harbors, morning mists, and other light effects based on a close observation of nature. Some of Friedrich's best-known paintings are expressions of a religious mysticism. In 1808 he exhibited one of his most controversial paintings, The Cross in the ...

is pictures are a joy to look at! The Spanish artist Juan Gris, b. Mar. 13, 1887, d. May 11, 1927, was, with Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, one of the first and greatest exponents of the cubist idiom in painting. Originally named Jose Victoriano Gonzalez, he adopted the pseudonym by which he ...

... of his Napoleonic pictures, however (although he painted excellent portraits), and haunted by a sense of failure he drowned himself in the Seine. Gros is regarded as one of the leading figures in the development of Romanticism; the color and drama of his work influenced Gйricault, Delacroix, and ...

... is also seen here in the figures of Christ, the arriving angel, and the Madonna. Grunewald's dark vision The final flowering of the Gothic came relatively late, in the work of the German artist, Matthias Grьnewald (his real name was Mathis Neithart, otherwise Gothart, 1470/80-1528). He was ...

... , Boston). At this time all three were frequent visitors to Gachet's house at Auvers, and it was there that Cйzanne did a portrait-etching Guillaumin. Cйzanne also copied a painting by him of the Seine at Bercy (1876-78; Kunsthalle, Hamburg). Guillaumin exhibited at the Salon des Refusйs and at ...

... in the 1620s and 1630s. During these decades he made five large group portraits of civil guards; one is in the Rijksmuseum and the others are in the Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem, the only place where one can get a comprehensive view of his range and power. In the 1630s his compositions became ...

st powerful in the country, who ruled as regents for the emperor, becoming, in fact, civil dictators. Early Heian Art In reaction to the growing wealth and power of organized Buddhism in Nara, the priest Kukai (posthumous name Kobo Daishi, 774-835) journeyed to China to study Shingon, a more ...

dscapes into intimate, lyrical scenes that made him even more successful than his contemporary, Hokusai. Ando Hiroshige was born in Edo (now Tokyo) and at first, like his father, was a fire warden. The prints of Hokusai are said to have first kindled in him the desire to become an artist, and he ...

... son. His later paintings show the transition from the late Gothic to the Renaissance style. He died in Isenheim, Alsace. Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-1543). Born in Augsburg, Bavaria, Hans received his first lessons in art from his father. In 1515 the younger Holbein went to Basel, Switzerland, ...

... on the canvas instead of getting mixed on the palette will only be respected by a few of them and only for a couple of years. In fact, the Impressionism is a lot more a state of the mind than a technique; thus artists other than painters have also been qualified of impressionists. Many of these ...

ed his first portraits. These fall into two catagories: portraits of himself and his friends, conceived in a Romantic spirit (Gilibert, Musйe Ingres, Montauban, 1805), and portraits of well-to-do clients which are characterized by purity of line and enamel-like coloring (Mlle Riviиre, Louvre, Paris, ...

... in the world and include the earliest known artifacts of their culture. In architecture, Japanese preferences for natural materials and an interaction of interior and exterior space are clearly expressed. Japanese art is characterized by unique polarities. In the ceramics of the prehistoric ...

s while also stimulating the development of Impressionism. [Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1994] Originaire de Latrop, Johan Barthold Jongkind (1819-1891) fit sortir l'art de sa patrie de ce provincialisme idyllique et devint du meme coup l'un des plus notables précurseurs de l'é ...

... abstract painting. His forms evolved from fluid and organic to geometric and, finally, to pictographic ( e.g., Tempered Йlan, 1944). Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1994 Kandinsky, himself an accomplished musician, once said Color is the keyboard, the eyes are the harmonies, the soul is the piano ...

... of the priesthood who regretted the declining power of the court. Thus, realism, a popularizing trend, and a classical revival characterize the art of the Kamakura period. Sculpture The Kei school of sculptors, particularly Unkei, created a new, more realistic style of sculpture. The two Nio ...

... last painting, Still Life (1940; Felix Klee collection, Bern), is a serene summation of his life's concerns as a creator. Access to Paul Klee's artwork is restricted to jurisdictions where it is in the Public Domain Due to variations in copyright laws around the world, access to reproductions of ...

... exhibition and was an invaluable contact between Paris and London in the dissemination of Impressionist ideas. Pissarro was very dubious about his teaching methods, especially when Lucien, his son, was working under him. Legros' own paintings were rather sentimental genre scenes (The Angelus,

... . Thus Mona Lisa has that slight smile which enters into the gentle, delicate atmosphere pervading the whole painting. To achieve this effect, Leonardo uses the sfumato technique, a gradual dissolving of the forms themselves, continuous interaction between light and shade and an uncertain sense of ...

... idealization of feminine sexuality. Modigliani's mannered art The third great outsider among the йmigrйs in Paris died all too soon. The Italian Amedeo Modigliani destroyed himself through drink and drugs, driven desperate by his poverty and bitterly ashamed of it. Modigliani was a young man of ...

... its gracefully curving roofs and its complex of three subsidiary towers around the main tenshu (or keep), is one of the most beautiful structures of the Momoyama period. The Ohiroma of Nijo Castle (17th century) in Kyoto is one of the classic examples of the shoin, with its tokonoma (alcove), shoin ...

... the studio of Gleyre in Paris and there met Renoir, Sisley, and Bazille, with whom he was to form the nucleus of the Impressionist group. Monet's devotion to painting out of doors is illustrated by the famous story concerning one of his most ambitious early works, Women in the Garden (Musйe d'Orsay ...

as influenced by his master's exotic Romanticism, but Moreau went far beyond him in his feeling for the bizarre and developed a style that is highly distinctive in subject and technique. His preference was for mystically intense images evoking long-dead civilizations and mythologies, treated with ...

... on the development of her style. Unlike most of the other impressionists, who were then intensely engaged in optical experiments with color, Morisot and Manet agreed on a more conservative approach, confining their use of color to a naturalistic framework. Morisot, however, did encourage Manet to ...

German Expressionism in the early 20th century. His painting The Cry (1893) is regarded as an icon of existential anguish. A gifted Norwegian painter and printmaker, Edvard Munch not only was his country's greatest artist, but also played a vital role in the development of German expressionism. ...

... . In any case, after 1650 his use of color and light and his natural, human portrayal of figures seems to show the influence of Diego Velazquez. In Madrid, Murillo would also have seen paintings by the Flemish and Venetian masters, and the work he did in Seville between 1650 and his death seems to ...

... a Catfish with a Gourd (early 15th century, Taizo-in, Myoshin-ji, Kyoto), by the priest-painter Josetsu (active c. 1400), marks a turning point in Muromachi painting. Executed originally for a low-standing screen, it has been remounted as a hanging scroll with inscriptions by contemporary figures ...

... painter of some distinction, although it was only after her husband's death that she received serious critical recognition. Breaking the ice It was Jackson Pollock who blazed an astonishing trail for other Abstract Expressionist painters to follow. De Kooning said, ``He broke the ice'', an ...

... , dripping and dribbling with total control. He said: ``The painting has a life of its own. I try to let it come through.'' He painted no image, just ``action'', though ``action painting'' seems an inadequate term for the finished result of his creative process. Lavender Mist is 3 m long (nearly 10 ...

... of everyday life, to popular culture (hence ``pop''), in which ordinary people derived most of their visual pleasure from television, magazines, or comics. Pop Art emerged in the mid 1950s in England, but realized its fullest potential in New York in the '60s where it shared, with Minimalism, the ...

... Kandinsky, but certainly another Russian artist, Kasimir Malevich, was also among the first. Kandinsky's late style had a geometrical tendency and Suprematist abstraction revolved largely around the square, but the real artist of geometry was the Dutchman Piet Mondrian (1872-1944). He seems to be ...

sй de Ribera, Diego Velбzquez, and Francisco de Zurbarбn, and the Le Nain brothers in France are realist in approach. The works of the 18th-century English novelists Daniel Defoe, Henry Fielding, and Tobias Smollett may also be called realistic. (1833). Conception de l'art, de la littйrature, ...

... times, each time in an intimate, gentle composition. The Alba Madonna, on the other hand, has a Michelangelic heroism about it; tender as always in Raphael, but also heavy; masses wonderfully composed in tondo form; a crescendo of emotion that finds its fulfilment in the watchful face of Mary. The ...

... however, had a gift for wittily observing nuances of social behavior. In 1882, following the death of his mistress Kathleen Newton (the archetypal Tissot model-- beautiful but rather vacant), he returned to France. In 1888 he underwent a religious conversion when he went into a church to `catch the ...