Иностранный язык

іcаl cоmmеntаry оn tоpіcаl pоlіtіcаl еvеnts such аs thе Frеnch nuclеаr tеsts іn thе Pаcіfіc. Mіlіtаnts wеrе аblе tо cоntаct C&D thrоugh а publіshеd pоst оffіcе bоx оr, іn cаsеs whеrе іt wаs dіstrіbutеd іntеrnаlly, by dіrеct cоmmunіcаtіоn wіth thе pеrsоn hаndіng іt dіscrееtly аrоund thе оffіcе. ...

... at the appearance of danger, and whose exclamations of joy at the sight of his prey, reiterated, or varied with the change of objects, were probably the origin of language.'-_Booth's Analytical Dictionary_. In the dawn of society, ages may have passed away, with little more converse than what these ...

... England, could not have been very extensively circulated. A large specimen of it may be seen in Dr. Johnson's History of the English Language. Wickliffe died in 1384. The art of printing was invented about 1440, and first introduced into England, in 1468; but the first printed edition of the Bible ...

... the pancration, chariot racing, and horse racing. All Greeks who were free citizens and had not committed murder or heresy, had the right to take part in the Olympic Games. Women were not entitled to take part, except as owners in the horse races, while being strictly prohibited from watching the ...

... escarpments (the “edges”). The area is surrounded by major conurbations, including Huddersfield, Manchester, Sheffield, Derby and Stoke-on-Trent. The National Park covers 555 square miles (1,440 km2) of Derbyshire, Staffordshire, Cheshire, Greater Manchester and South and West Yorkshire, including ...

... oppression, that women are a class and that they are «engaged in a power struggle with men». Furthermore, according to ideas of radical feminism, the purpose of male chauvinism is primarily to obtain psychological ego satisfaction and is only secondarily found in economic relationships. This ...

mmоdіtіеs Prоducеrs оf sеrvіcеs (nоnmаtеrіаl cоmmоdіtіеs) mаy аlsо bе prоducіng surplus vаluе. Tо tаkе аn еxаmplе whіch cоmbіnеs thіs аnd а prеvіоus pоіnt: а sаlаrіеd tеаchеr іn а prіvаtеly оwnеd schооl thаt іs run аs а prоfіt-mаkіng еntеrprіsе іs prоducіng surplus vаluе fоr thе еmplоyеr. Sоmе оf ...

е lаrgеst fоrcе whіch stооd tо gаіn frоm chаngе wаs thе mаss оf thе pеаsаntry. Thе ‘frееdоm’ grаntеd tо thеm іn 1861, whеn sеrfdоm vаs аbоlіshеd, wаs stіll bеіng pаіd fоr: іn еxоrbіtаnt rеnts whіch thеy wеrе fоrcеd tо pаy fоr tіny subsіstеncе plоts оf lаnd, іn thе еnоrmоus dеbts whіch thеy stіll ...

... scene. In fact, during the late 1580s and early 1590s, Shakespeare travelled back and forth between London and Stratford-on-Avon, but by this time, the momentum of Shakespeare's life was toward his career and away from family, hearth, and home. Although we lack hard facts, we may surmise that ...

... do. Everything worked out well, and it is the experience I will never forget. (Surmelian 65). 1.3 Organizing Information Most of the time, narrative writing is organized chronologically, meaning that events move forward in time. Sometimes, the writer changes normal order by using flashbacks. ...

... Он увидел, как Венди идет.   It should be noted that the verb “to see” should be followed by a clause and not by the Objective-with-the-Infinitive Construction, when it is used in the meaning of “to understand”.   Eg. I saw that he did not realize the danger. – Я видел (понимал), что ...

... the world. In 1156 the Kremlin was fortified with ramparts and in 1367 white stone towers and walls were erected. Brick buildings were added between 1485 and 1495. The Moscow Kremlin contains fine examples of Russian architecture of the 15th to 17th centuries the Cathedrals of the Domination, the ...

... the previous course of discipline will have furnished both language and taste, as well as sentiment. 2. History of grammatical study The regular grammatical study of our language is a thing of recent origin. Fifty or sixty years ago, such an exercise was scarcely attempted in any of the ...

... more syntactically independent, though semantically connected sentences, was analysed as a single sentence. The new terms, which were probably intended to improve the theory, became very popular in prescriptive grammar and, as we shall see, influenced some scientific grammars. Classical Scientific ...

... have a three-track system that begins with four years of Grundschule (primary school), attended by all children between the ages of 6 and 9. 2. Tourism in Germany All German cities have developed an excellent network of surface and underground transportation. With buses, subways and ...

... rapid or sudden; nor does it imply that all grammatical features were in a state of perpetual change. Like the development of other linguistic levels, the history of English grammar was a complex evolutionary process made up of stable and changeable constituents. Some grammatical characteristics ...

... of Israel". The Unicorn in Scriptural Code-language:- HORN is the code-word for kingdom. The British Coat-of-Arms is the Coat-of-Arms of the 12 tribed Kingdom of Israel and Christ their Rightful KING UNICORN symbolizes a Unique horn - "One Kingdom , world without end" - God's ...

, Mykolaiv, Kherson. The geographical position of Ukraine is favourable, because the country lies, on the crossroad of the ways from Asia to Europe. Like any other country in the world Ukraine has big cities; among them are Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine; Kharkiv, which used to be the capital of ...

... goal of the given article is to explore the theoretical aspects of the formation of foreign language teacher’s general competence in the context of the Common European Framework. The Common European Framework provides a common basis of the elaboration of language syllabuses, curriculum guidelines, ...

... 14ºF to -13ºF [-10ºC to -25ºC]) at which chemical reactions take place very slowly and pathogens survive only poorly. The food to be preserved by this method is first frozen and then placed into a vacuum chamber. Water in the food first freezes and then sublimes, leaving a ...

... ’’ neologisms, individual new-founded, brought by the individual authors, such words also turns ‘’unlivable words’’ and disappear as fast as they appear. The explaining of the meaning of neologism from the context Coming out from the term ‘’neologism’’ we can assume, that the translator first ...

... : Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is a voluntary federation of Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine [19, pp.18]. Unlike other Polish Socialist Party, which at first was put building a new socialist society, the program PPP stated that the transition to socialism will happen immediately after the ...

... . Some kinds of fruit, especially apples, can grow in the south where the temperature is higher and there are more hours of sunshine than in the northern regions. The Economy of Great Britain Little more than a century ago, Britain was 'the workshop of the world'. It had as many merchant ...

... Is the number of visitors growing as The Ministry of Culture and Tourism is focused on the development of sustainable tourism? With its objectives: +Examination of sustainable tourism in Turkey +Examination of The Ministry of Culture and Tourism strategy +Examination of tourist growth Turkey ...

... of material also belong to the group of class nouns in French that is not observed in English. So there are differences in the usage of the definite article with class nouns in English and French. Another example of the different usage of the definite article in English and French can be: ...

... are compared first of all. E.g. the category of mood in English is considered to be a small system. Having completed the comparison of languages investigators takes the third language to compare and so on. Comparative typology is sometimes characterized by some scholars as characterology which ...

... are expressed by different mood-forms of the verb: listens, listen, would have listened. There is no unity of opinion concerning the category of mood in English. Thus A.I. Smirnitsky, O.S. Akhmanova, M. Ganshina and N. Vasilevskaya find six moods in Modern English ('indicative', 'imperative', ...

... said humour helps us to express things in a round about way. It's a way of releasing repression and this is important for average British character. My conclusion : Other form of expression then humour and other feeling are not so developed Humour plays not only positive, but also ...

... . It has been mentioned that when borrowed words were identical in meaning with those already in English the adopted word very often displaced the native word. In most cases, however, the borrowed words and synonymous native words (or words borrowed earlier) remained in the language, becoming more ...

... she wanted to play serious drama roles. After several seasons of participation in a commercial serial on motives of a picture " In alive light " Jennifer Lopez for the first time was removed as an actress in a serial " Southern Center", the producer and which script writer the ...

... the most popular words and expressions of English slang. The given works allow to expand knowledge of stylistic and grammatic features of translation of informal lexicon. The basic sources which were used for a spelling of our work, were lexicographic editions (sensible and bilingual dictionaries, ...

... wаr. Аlthough Browdеr's opеn іnfluеncе wаs short-lіvеd #&151; аnаthеmа wаs pronouncеd on hіm by thе іntеrnаtіonаl Communіst movеmеnt іn Mаy 1945 #&151; hіs thеorіеs dіd аffеct іronworkеr polіcy stаtеmеnts іn 1944. By thіs tіmе, howеvеr, mаny workеrs wеrе lookіng for а polіcy of mіlіtаnt і ...

... classification (such as "romantic" or "politically/socially committed literature"). There is no doubt that for a translation-relevant text analysis translators must exploit all sources at their disposal. The translator should strive to achieve the information level which is ...

... ever since the September 11th attacks and the subsequent military actions undertaken in the Middle East and Central Asia, it has remained surprisingly silent on the topic of terrorism in Europe. Most of the following resolutions deal with terrorism in general, or with Islamic extremists, not with ...

... imprisoning either. This is what makes sociolinguistics as a science so important. In this book, though, we shall focus our attention on territorial modifications of English pronunciation viewing them as an object of sociolinguistic study. 2. The main part   2.1 Spread of English It is ...

... who have mania to comps are very boring and uninteresting. You can’t speak with them about something beside of «Sims» or «GTA». It’s a real problem, to my mind. Every teenager has a favorite singer, writer or sportsman. But no one should become a fan, because we can kill our individuality and become ...

... SENTENCE PATTERNS Verbs. The verb occurs in an important position in the structure of a sentence. What you already know about English sentence structure will help you identify verbs. The basketball player-down the court. Where did you – the camera? Any word you supply is a verb: ran, dribbled; ...

... reproduction stage or in extreme cases, to re-explain the new language.   1.4 The Most Common Difficulties Pupils Howe in Assimilating English Grammar The chief difficulty in learning a new language is that of changing from the grammatical mechanism of the native language to that of the ...

... Americans also don’t understand how we can eat meat-jelly (or kholodets) or okroshka (chopped greens, cucumbers, meat, eggs with mayonnaise and kvass). Tastes differ even within one country. Each of us perhaps remembers quarreling with one of our friends over what tastes better: fried potatoes or ...

... In Great Britain today works about 550 private schools. In Northern Ireland is open 21 private schools. The reforms of system of education of Great Britain have touched the contents of educational process. Both the parents, and experts did not accept that children too early began "to sort& ...

... verbal noun may be modified by an adjective. He (Tom) took a good scolding about clodding Sid. (Twain ) Chapter 2 Syntax and Semantics of English Verbals   2.2.1 The Functions of the Infinitive in the Sentence The infinitive can be used in different syntactic functions. A single ...

... demand for an inquiry, but limited its terms to the allegations against the police. They arranged for Scully to be brought back from San Francisco to Sydney. Meanwhile, the police commissioned Louis Goldstein to find out what his brother was up to. Louis reported that Davis, too, had “sung” to ...

... market is very widely used in Switzerland. Information for students is available on 'Student Travel' in this section or to make an online reservation. Switzerland Tourism is adopting the ranking, which appeared in the SonntagsZeitung, allocated by the journalist Karl Wild and his team, taking the ...

... the amount of prestige so the demand is not decreasing since it is a different good.   9. Discrete Example The above discussion of supply and demand can be thought of in terms of individual people interacting at a market. Suppose the following people exist: Alice is willing to pay $10 ...

... which are debated up to now, for example, «the reality of the perfective progressive». 1.3 The analysis of the stylistic potential of tense-aspect verbal forms in modern English by home linguists   N.N. Rayevska [3; 30] is a well-known Ukrainian (Kiev) scholar who specialized in the ...

... Wilson says, move 'the passive figure of Oliver himself and the mechanical figure of his sinister half-brother Monks. 2.2.2 Stylistic Features used by Charles Dickens in «Hard Times» Beginning in 1854 up through to his death in 1870, Charles Dickens abridged and adapted many of his more popular ...

... it is cant, jargon, dialect, jocular or a pure colloquialism. It is therefore important, for the sake of a scientific approach to the problem of a stylistic classification of the English vocabulary, to make a more exact discrimination between heterogeneous elements in the vocabulary, no matter how ...

... tension of the original novel. Undoubtedly the interest in REBECCA will continue for a long time to come. I also interested in REBECCA that’s why I have chosen the following part of the novel to the stylistic analysis: I drummed with my fingers on the table, uncertain of myself and of him. Was he ...

... found that these choices fulfill the different communicative functions of language such as informative, expressive, directive, contextual, interactional and poetic. There is no one to one correspondence always between linguistic choices and the advertising function. That is, one particular choice ...

... effective person. A man asked me the way to St Paul's. Get out of the way. (after Willis D, The Lexical Syllabus, Collins) Using corpus data, they then studied what kinds of grammatical structures way was typically found with – i.e. its syntactic environment. For example, the first use ...

... did you invite? Brush your teeth. What a day 2.51 32.9 20.8 4.3 7.9 5.3 5.9 6.4 0.9 Some analogy can be drawn between the structure of a word and the structure of a sentence. The morphemes of a word are formally united by stress. The words of a ...

... -stem: pickpocket; the stem of a gerund or of a participle may be the first component of a compound noun: dining-room, reading-hall, dancing-girl. 2.2.4 Semantical Characteristics of Nouns Nouns fall under two classes: (A) proper nouns; (B) common nouns[27]. a) Proper nouns are individual, ...

... early stages by his Prime Minister, Sir Edmund Barton, and later by his successor, Alfred Deakin. It was Deakin who described it as the "new era in industrial relations". Then Mr. Justice Higgins had laid down the foundations of the New Province in Law and Order, as he described his court ...

... for working out a system of variables used in sociological surveys, observations, experiments etc. Stages and types of an applied sociological research The aim of an applied sociological research is to get facts to meet the customers’ practical needs, and it is carried out to confirm or ...

... whose ancestors had to fight stereotypes and racial prejudice to find acceptance in America.   5. Wearing of the Green Goes Global Today, St. Patrick's Day is celebrated by people of all backgrounds in the United States, Canada, and Australia. Although North America is home to the ...

... November weather. However the extensive spectator viewing spots in the heart of the countryside make it one of the most exciting and enjoyable sports to watch. As in F1, Britain has produced top rally drivers, with the 1995 World Champion Colin McRae and Richard Burns among the world’s best. ...

... two forms of rugby football: the amateur game and the professional game. The two games have different rules. Golf is the Scottish national game. It originated in the 15-th century and the most famous golf course in the world, known as the Royal and Ancient Club, is at St. Andrew's. Lawn tennis was ...

... sociology and methods of social planning and forecasting. So the criterion for differentiating between fundamental and applied sociology is the character of sociological knowledge: abstract and practical. Some researchers thought that development of macro-sociology lead to formation of modern ...

... housing under construction. Alicante and Malaga are the zones with the most concentration of holiday homes, cornering 44% of the market. Stays at campsites in Spain grew 1.9% in 2002. Users of campsites are almost equally divided between nationals and foreigners, with 52% of Spaniards and 48% of ...

... is an assortment of people who are distinguished by their social status and who perceive themselves cohered by this community. A social status is one’s position (place) in the social structure of the society connected with other positions by the system of rights and obligations. The status of a ...

... involved. In other words, the parties must consent to each other’s direction of activity. An example of this is a partnership or a commune. Hierarchy of social organization determines the most essential elements of its structure such as organizational area, organizational culture and relations of ...

... -known classification is that of R. Park who distinguished four major social processes: competition, conflict, accommodation and assimilation. He considered competition as the elementary universal and fundamental form of social interaction and defined it as the struggle for existence. Competition is ...

... the family. It leads to a logical conclusion that social relations form the basis of such concepts as social organization, social structure, social institution, social movement and social system. Levels of social interactions There are three levels of social interactions. Interpersonal or face ...

... of covert penetration were closely watched by the Anglo-American Secretariat of the Comintern, which hoped to influence national governments formed by social democratic parties in the direction of collective security with the USSR. The newly released archives of the Communist International and the ...

... tobacco advertising in any form, with a very small number of exceptions. In addition, in many countries some jurisdictions impose restrictions on where smoking is allowed. Several European countries such as the Republic of Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Italy, Spain and Scotland have legislated against ...

... ;l'esprit de degradation et de depreciation," ("the spirit of degradation and depreciation") and goes on to speak of slang as a form of assault directed at a higher class by an underclass. (49) In its deliberate deformation of words, mispronunciation and taste for impropriety, slang ...

... insist however we dress, wherever we go, yes means yes, and no means no. In student newspapers it is asserted over and over again, echoing Brownmiller, that sexual violence, and in particular rape, is a means of social control of women by all men. Unless we want to argue that earlier feminists were ...

... moments which open rights and duties of participants of commodity circulation are resulted. But, it is possible to draw a conclusion that, in Russia and in foreign countries, the law protects the interests of consumers. In conclusion I highlight some important positions and compare Russian and ...

... the How Stuff Works office. In one of the following images, a ball was placed on the sidewalk and photographed. In the other, an artist used a computer graphics program to create a ball. Image A Image B Can you tell which is the real ball? Look for the answer at the end of ...

... , fresh and lovely, the air smells of young grass and first flowers. Everything is filled with life pleasures. 21) To my mind, spring is the most marvelous season of the year and we often go to the country in order to get in touch with nature and enjoy its beauty. 22) While time goes on spring ...

... it possible to increase the interest of studying English at school, to broaden the outlook, to understand the peculiarities of Scottish character Chapter I: Scotland as an original country   1.1.  Some words about General information He who has not seen Scotland does not really ...

... of different types; all of them preserve some form of streaming, but pupils may be moved from one stream to another. Comprehensive schools take over 90 % of schoolchildren in Great Britain. The comprehensive school is the most popular type of school, for it provides education for children from all ...

... pouvons parler aujourd’hui d’un art russe represente d’une maniere tres complete au musee. Dans la Galerie Tretiakov se trouvent les toiles des peintres ambulants qui se distinguaient par leur approche psychologique dans la peinture et par leur sens aigu du social. Tretiakov souhaitai montrer les ...

... the names of saints for those of maidens. And as the Lupercalia began about the middle of February, the pastors appear to have chosen Saint Valentine's Day for the celebration of this new feaSt. So it seems that the custom of young men choosing maidens for valentines, or saints as patrons for the ...

... little place of it where he was born. And he has a special word for a man from that particular place – zemlyak. Russian’s clothes. Nowadays people in Russia don’t wear very formal clothes. But before going somewhere or to parties young people do their hair, dress and then go out. You can see ...

... reflected in the annals. Peculiarities of Russian tourism development. The aspiration to «enlargement of horizon» was initially peculiar to inhabitants of Russia. «The desire to change of places» as a feature of Russian national character was inherent to representatives of different layers of the ...

... /j/. In words, where /j/ occurs after the consonants other than /s/, it still remains the dominant form in RP, e.g. enthusiasm, news, student. [Parashchuk: 2005] Chapter 2. British English as a standard of pronunciation in Great Britain   British English or UK English or English English ...

... most of Shakespeare's comedies in its ingredients and treatment-it is simply the direction of the whole that gives it the stamp of tragedy. Romeo and Juliet is a picture of love and its pitiable fate in a world whose atmosphere is too sharp for this, the tenderest blossom of human life. Two beings ...

... in most cases, the organization of banquets [2, pp.39-40]. Revolution 1905-1907 gg. opened up new opportunities for organized labor. April 3, 1907 in the register of societies and unions in the Grodno province had been made "Christian Workers' Union. In this society, working as composed out of ...

... and the translators who translate fiction and technical texts in writing play an important role in the international coordination in the world community. In my opinion the profession of an interpreter is one of the most important and indispensable in the present-day business world. All large ...

... for Stalinism. All so-called "Communist Parties" became ideological promoters of idealist philosophies, of course, in the name of Marxism and materialism. They ritualized their new anti-materialist, anti-scientific philosophy precisely to obscure truth and reality in order to justify and ...

... a definite area of knowledge or practice. That’s why expert survey can’t provide any anonymity. In social research, observation can also be used to collect data. Observation is a method of direct recording of social events and conditions under which they take place. Its advantages are as follows: ...

... that the new ideals of humanism, although more secular in some aspects, developed against an unquestioned Christian backdrop, especially in the Northern Renaissance. Indeed, much (if not most) of the new art was commissioned by or in dedication to the Church. However, the Renaissance had a profound ...

... amounted to two-thirds of the annual total added to the AAVSO's now truly international variable star observation database. It was also in this period that we held our first recent joint meetings with the American Astronomical Society, first in Columbus, Ohio (1992), and then in Berkeley, ...

... . Merge the two houses of each parliament Merging the two houses would substantially reduce the cost of government, and remove obstacles and gridlock in government. Government in Australia has become more chaotic and less decisive because of the incongruities of the two-chamber system. While ...

... and thoroughly practiced before students can produce it confidently and accurately in new contexts. [7:54] 2.1 Ways of presenting articles In the process of teaching English, teachers should pay special attention to countable and uncountable nouns. The distinction between countable and ...

... Victorian Socialist Party 1905–21 by Graeme Osborne, in the book Who Are Our Enemies? Racism and the Australian Working Class, edited by Ann Curthoys and Andrew Markus; International Socialism and Australian Labor by Frank Farrell; and Doherty's Corner, the biography of Marie E.J. Pitt, by Colleen ...

... from the offended party and vested in the state. Only at the end of the 18th century significant call for improved criminal procedure arise. Punishment came to be thought of not only as express vindication but also as a means of protecting the laws from abuse by individual members of the society. ...

... due to soil erosion and degradation seem especially severe in the arid and semiarid regions of sub-Saharan Africa. A slowing of agricultural productivity growth in robust resource areas could also lead to intensification or expansion of crop and animal production that would put pressure on soil in ...

... be replaced by its synonyms without any change of the sentence meaning. This may be easily proved if a similar context is found for some other synonym in the same group. For instance: These Latin words suffered many transformations in becoming French. The denotational meaning is obviously the same ...

... Purpose of development of the project which character can be defined as mainly social, is increase of corporate attention to problems of adaptation of again staying personnel, decrease in turnover of staff, growth of satisfaction by work.   2.1. Brief characteristics of the Publishing House “ ...

... of utterance words one momentarily accesses and then rules out their irrelevant senses. When people use ambiguous language, generally its ambiguity is not intended. Occasionally, however, ambiguity is deliberate, as with an utterance of 'I'd like to see more of you' when intended to be taken in ...

... of seats. Thus, in the last Duma, 30 of the 36 deputies from Belarus were in the right block [6, pp.292]. Thus pravomonarhicheskoe movement was an important factor in social life of Belarus in the period. Activities of right-wing parties, unions and other companies contributed to the formation of ...

... Indirectly saying that it is impossible, because it’s all in the genes.[4] General conclusion The aim of our work was to describe the rules of conversation according to Paul Grice’s philosophy and demonstrate their practical application. At the first part we mentioned that Paul Grice was ...

... ' and journalists' views of each other differ a great deal. It seems that, in principle, many representatives of the PR industry have great respect for journalism and the media's role in society. They underline the media's obligation to review the PR sphere just as they expect journalists to do with ...

... Rada's main function is making laws. 7)  The monetary unit of our country is the Hryvnia. 8)  The only body of the legislative power in Ukraine is the Parliament. There are 450 people's deputies. 9)  The Constitution of Ukraine was proclaimed by Verkhovna Rada. 10)  The ...

... cost is the same as the fares in city transport. Children under 7 can have a free ride.  Horodetskyi Building  One of the most interesting buildings in Kyiv is located in a very quiet and peaceful part of the downtown. A well-known architect Horodetskyi built the house as a private residence in ...

... . It is best to act to prevent the worst-case scenarios rather than try to solve the problem once it has escalated. Box 2: Private security and Somali piracy Private security firms have a long history of involvement in attempting to combat Somali piracy. To date, however, none have been very ...

... Year 1992 is believed to be the start of the new epoch in the new Russia’s pipeline transportation system. The 20th century is over now. In the changing political and economic situation in the country, the system of AK Transneft oil trunk pipelines guarantees steady pumping of oil volumes as it is ...

irds as pets. More often they are dogs, cats, hamsters, guinea-pigs, parrots and fish. As for me I like parrots. They are my favourite pets. They are clever and nice. I've got a parrot. His name is Kesha. He's blue. He's not big, he's little. He has got a small head, a yellow beak, a short neck, ...